| 1. |
- Lee, Nigel, et al.
(författare)
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Sterile water injections for management of renal colic pain : a systematic review
- 2022
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Urology. - : Taylor & Francis. - 2168-1805 .- 2168-1813. ; 56:3, s. 255-263
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundSince the 1950s a small number of centres have used sterile water injections (SWI) to treat renal colic pain. We undertook this review to determine the efficacy of SWI to manage the pain of renal colic.MethodsWe searched the electronic databases PubMed, Cochrane Central Register, CINAHL, and Scopus from database inception to 7 November 2021 for randomized controlled trials that met the inclusion criteria.ResultsSix trials were included in the review (n = 894 patients). Two placebo controlled trials were included in the meta-analysis. Other trials compared SWI to Diclofenac, Morphine, or oral Paracetamol. The overall quality of the trial was low. Compared to a placebo SWI demonstrated a significant reduction in self-reported pain at 30 min (Mean difference [MD] = −4.68, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] = −5.21, −4.15. p < 0.001, I2 = 0%) and at or beyond 60 min post-injection (MD = −5.34 95% CI = −5.85, −4.82, p ≤ 0.001, I2 = 0%). Pain relief provided by SWI was significantly better than oral paracetamol and equivalent to Diclofenac and Morphine. No significant side-effects were attributed to SWI use in any trials.Discussion/conclusionSWI could be a suitable alternative for management of renal colic pain where alternatives such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory and opioid drugs are either unavailable or contraindicated. However, further research is required to establish the role of SWI in renal colic pain management.
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| 2. |
- Lundh, Dan, et al.
(författare)
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Assessing chronic pelvic pain syndrome patients : Blood plasma factors and cortisol saliva
- 2013
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Urology. - : Informa Healthcare. - 2168-1813 .- 2168-1805. ; 47:6, s. 521-528
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective. The aim of this study was to identify changes in inflammatory molecules in the blood (plasma) of patients with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic syndrome (CP/CPPS) compared with controls. Altered levels indicate a systemic component by possible involvement of the prostate and/or the inner pelvic floor musculature. Material and methods. In 32 patients with CP/CPPS and 37 controls, blood plasma levels of testosterone, macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), TNF-beta, interleukin-2 (IL-2) and IL-1 beta were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Cortisol in saliva samples was measured in the morning and late evening. All participants answered a questionnaire regarding their health profile. Results. Significantly higher levels of MIF (p = 0.012) were detected in patients. The testosterone level was, contrary to other studies, little lower in patients (p = 0.014; age adjusted). When controls with health issues and patients with a parallel disease were excluded, the MIF and TNF-alpha levels were higher in the patients (p = 0.007, p = 0.016, respectively) than in controls, and the testosterone was slightly lower in patients (p = 0.047). Conclusions. The findings show an immune response extending to the circulatory system, in which MIF makes a significant contribution to CP/CPPS. This study also indicates TNF-alpha as a circulatory component when excluding subjects with concomitant diseases. Both MIF and TNF-alpha have previously been highlighted for other diseases related to chronic pain and here also for CP/CPPS. These results provide further insights into the immunological basis of CP/CPPS.
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