| 1. |
- Raza, Rizwan, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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Functional ceria-based nanocomposites for advanced low-temperature (300–600 °C) solid oxide fuel cell: A comprehensive review
- 2020
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Ingår i: Materials Today Energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 2468-6069. ; 15
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is world tendency to develop SOFC to lower temperatures and two technical routes and approaches are going in parallel. One is to use thin film technology, focussing on reducing the electrolyte thickness on conventional electrolyte, e.g. YSZ (yttria-stabilized zirconia) and SDC (samaria-doped ceria) to reduce the cell resistance i.e. to lower the operational temperatures. Another technique is to develop new materials, e.g. functional nanocomposites. This paper presents a state-of-the-art of nanocomposite electrolytes-based advanced fuel cell technology, i.e. low-temperature (300–600 °C) ceria-based fuel cells, a new scenario for fuel cell R&D with an overview of important aspects and frontier subjects. A typical nanocomposite has a core–shell type structure in nano-scale, in which ceria forms a core and a salt, e.g. carbonate or another oxide develops a shell layer covering the core. The functionality of nanocomposites is determined by the interfaces between the constituent phases, which can lead to super or fast ions transport (H+ and O2−) at interfaces. Ionic conductivities >0.1 S cm−1 already at ~300 °C have been reported. Five major characteristics of nanocomposites have been identified as important to their properties and applications in fuel cells: i) advanced materials design based on non-structure or interfacial properties/mechanisms; ii) dual or hybrid H+ and O2− conduction; iii) interfacial super-ionic conduction; iv) transition from non-functional to functional materials; v) use of interfacial and surface redox agents and reactions. In the fuel cell context, it is refer to these functional nano-composites as NANOCOFC (Nanocomposites for Advanced Fuel Cells) to distinguish them from the traditional SOFCs and to be oriented to a new fuel cell R&D strategy.
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| 2. |
- Grieco, Rebecca, et al.
(författare)
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A significantly improved polymer||Ni(OH) 2 alkaline rechargeable battery using anthraquinone-based conjugated microporous polymer anode
- 2022
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Ingår i: Materials Today Energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 2468-6069. ; 27
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Alkaline rechargeable batteries (ARBs) are predicted to be an attractive solution for large-scale electrochemical energy storage applications. However, their advancement is greatly hindered by the lack of high-performance and sustainable anode that can stably operate in less-corroding, low electrolyte concentration. Herein, we report the first example of polymer ARB able to operate in low concentrate electrolyte (1м potassium hydroxide [KOH]) due to the employment of a robust anthraquinone-based conjugated microporous polymer (IEP-11) as anode. The assembled IEP-11||Ni(OH)2 achieves high cell voltage (0.98 V), high gravimetric/areal capacities (150 mAh/g/7.2 mAh/cm2 at 3.5 and 65 mg/cm2, respectively), long cycle life (22,730 cycles, 960 h, 75% capacity retention at 20C), excellent rate performance (75 mAh/g at 50C) and low temperature operativity (75 mAh/g at −10 °C). Furthermore, rate capability, low-temperature performance and ability to prepare high mass loading anodes, along with low self-discharge is improved compared to conventional linear poly (anthraquinone sulfide) (PAQS) in commonly used 10 м KOH. This overall performance for IEP-11||Ni(OH)2 is not only far superior to that of PAQS||Ni(OH)2 owing to porous polymer's high specific surface area, combined micro-/mesoporosity and robust and mechanically stable three-dimensional (3D) architecture compared to the linear PAQS, but also surpass most of the reported organic||nickel [Ni]/cobalt [Co]/manganese [Mn] alkaline rechargeable batteries (ARBs).
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| 3. |
- Chen, C., et al.
(författare)
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Molecular engineering of ionic type perylenediimide dimer-based electron transport materials for efficient planar perovskite solar cells
- 2018
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Ingår i: Materials Today Energy. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 2468-6069. ; 9, s. 264-270
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The main of this work is to overcome the drawbacks of the traditional fullerene derivatives used as electron transport materials (ETMs) for perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Herein, a new strategy to design non-fullerene ETMs is presented by molecular engineering to include charged moieties in the ETM. The designed ETM FA2+-PDI2 is intrinsically ionic and the incorporated counter ions in FA2+-PDI2 significantly increase the electron conductivity and improve the film formation properties. Through careful device optimization, PSCs based on the ionic ETM FA2+-PDI2 exhibit an impressive average power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 17.0%, which is comparable to the PSC based on PC61BM (17.5%). The superior photovoltaic performance can be attributed to efficient electron extraction and effective electron transfer in the PSCs. This work provides important insights regarding the future design of new and efficient non-fullerene ETMs for PSCs.
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| 4. |
- Eiler, Konrad, et al.
(författare)
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Oxygen reduction reaction and proton exchange membrane fuel cell performance of pulse electrodeposited Pt–Ni and Pt–Ni–Mo(O) nanoparticles
- 2022
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Ingår i: Materials Today Energy. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 2468-6069. ; 27
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are an important alternative to fossil fuels and a complement to batteries for the electrification of vehicles. However, their high cost obstructs commercialization, and the catalyst material, including its synthesis, constitutes one of the major cost components. In this work, Pt–Ni and Pt–Ni–Mo(O) nanoparticles (NPs) of varying composition have been synthesized in a single step by pulse electrodeposition onto a PEMFC's gas diffusion layer. The proposed synthesis route combines NP synthesis and their fixation onto the microporous carbon layer in a single step. Both Pt–Ni and Pt–Ni–Mo(O) catalysts exhibit extremely high mass activities at oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) with very low Pt loadings of around 4 μg/cm2 due to the favorable distribution of NPs in contact with the proton exchange membrane. Particle sizes of 40–50 nm and 40–80 nm were obtained for Pt–Ni and Pt–Ni–Mo(O) systems, respectively. The highest ORR mass activities were found for Pt67Ni33 and Pt66Ni32–MoOx NPs. The feasibility of a single-step electrodeposition of Pt–Ni–Mo(O) NPs was successfully demonstrated; however, the ternary NPs are of more amorphous nature in contrast to the crystalline, binary Pt–Ni particles, due to the oxidized state of Mo. Nevertheless, despite their heterogeneous nature, the ternary NPs show homogeneous behavior even on a microscopic scale. © 2022 The Author(s)
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| 5. |
- Hrachowina, Lukas, et al.
(författare)
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Realization of axially defined GaInP/InP/InAsP triple-junction photovoltaic nanowires for high-performance solar cells
- 2022
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Ingår i: Materials Today Energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 2468-6069. ; 27
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- III-V semiconductor-based planar multi-junction solar cells synthesized to match the solar spectrum, increase absorption, and reduce thermalization loss are today's world-record efficiency solar cells. Realizing similarly performing multi-junction III-V nanowire (NW) solar cells would require significantly less material and is more sustainable at lower cost than planar solar cells. The NW geometry allows expanding the range of compatible material combinations along the NW axis far beyond current multi-junction solar cells and enables promising applications in, for example, space power technology and smart windows. However, multi-junction NW photovoltaics have been hampered by the inability to electrically connect different materials in an axial geometry. We report the design and proof-of-principle demonstration of axially defined GaInP/InP/InAsP triple-junction photovoltaic NWs optimized for light absorption exhibiting an open-circuit voltage of up to 2.37 V. The open-circuit voltage is twice as large as previously reported for tandem-junction photovoltaic NWs and amounts to 94% of the sum of the respective single-junction NWs. Our findings pave the way for realizing the next generation of scalable, high-performance, and ultra-high power-to-weight ratio multi-junction, NW-based solar cells.
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| 6. |
- Liu, Jianhua, et al.
(författare)
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Metal nanowire networks : Recent advances and challenges for new generation photovoltaics
- 2019
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Ingår i: Materials Today Energy. - : ELSEVIER SCI LTD. - 2468-6069. ; 13, s. 152-185
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Transparent conducting electrodes which allow photons passing through and simultaneously transfers the charge carriers are critical for the construction of high-performance photovoltaic cells. Electrodes based on metal oxides, such as indium-doped tin oxide (ITO) or fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO), may have limited application in new generation flexible solar cells, which employ solution-processed roll-to-roll or ink-printing techniques toward large-area-fabrication approach, due to their brittleness and poor mechanical properties. Metal nanowire network (MNWN) emerges as a highly potential alternative candidate instead of ITO or FTO due to the high transparency, low sheet resistance, low cost, solution processable and compatibility with a flexible substrate for high throughput production. This feature article systematically summarizes the recent advances of the MNWNs, including new concepts and emerging strategies for the synthesis of metal nanowires (MNWs), various approaches for the preparation of MNWNs and comprehensively discusses the novel MNWN electrodes prepared on different substrates. The state-of-the-art new generation solar cell devices, such as transparent, flexible and light-weight solar cells, with MNWN as a transparent conductive electrode are emphasized. Finally, the opportunities and challenges for the development of MNWN electrodes toward application in the new generations of photovoltaic devices are discussed.
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| 7. |
- Calcagno, Giulio, 1990, et al.
(författare)
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Fast charging negative electrodes based on anatase titanium dioxide beads for highly stable Li-ion capacitors
- 2020
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Ingår i: Materials Today Energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 2468-6069. ; 16
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hybrid energy storage systems aim to achieve both high power and energy densities by combining supercapacitor-type and battery-type electrodes in tandem. The challenge is to find sustainable materials as fast charging negative electrodes, which are characterized by high capacity retention. In this study, mesoporous anatase beads are synthetized with tailored morphology to exploit fast surface redox reactions. The TiO2-based electrodes are properly paired with a commercial activated carbon cathode to form a Li-ion capacitor. The titania electrode exhibits high capacity and rate performance. The device shows extremely stable performance with an energy density of 27 mWh g-1 at a specific current of 2.5 A g−1 for 10,000 cycles. The remarkable stability is associated with a gradual shift of the potential during cycling as result of the formation of cubic LiTiO2 on the surface of the beads. This phenomenon renews the interest in using TiO2 as negative electrode for Li-ion capacitors.
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| 8. |
- Castin, N., et al.
(författare)
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The dominant mechanisms for the formation of solute-rich clusters in low-Cu steels under irradiation
- 2020
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Ingår i: Materials Today Energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 2468-6069. ; 17
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The formation of nano-sized, coherent, solute-rich clusters (NSRC) is known to be an important factor causing the degradation of the macroscopic properties of steels under irradiation. The mechanisms driving their formation are still debated. This work focuses on low-Cu reactor pressure vessel (RPV) steels, where solute species are generally not expected to precipitate. We rationalize the processes that take place at the nanometer scale under irradiation, relying on the latest theoretical and experimental evidence on atomic-level diffusion and transport processes. These are compiled in a new model, based on the object kinetic Monte Carlo (OKMC) technique. We evaluate the relevance of the underlying physical assumptions by applying the model to a large variety of irradiation experiments. Our model predictions are compared with new experimental data obtained with atom probe tomography and small angle neutron scattering, complemented with information from the literature. The results of this study reveal that the role of immobilized self-interstitial atoms (SIA) loops dominates the nucleation process of NSRC.
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| 9. |
- Oliveira, Filipa M., et al.
(författare)
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Alkaline water electrolysis performance of mixed cation metal phosphorous trichalcogenides
- 2024
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Ingår i: Materials Today Energy. - 2468-6069. ; 39
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A variety of mixed-cation metal phosphorus trichalcogenides (MnNiP2S6, FeCoP2S6, FeNiP2S6, CoNiP2S6, FeCoNiP2S6, and the high-entropy CrMnFeNiCoZnP2S6) are synthesized using chemical vapor transport and tested for water splitting under alkaline conditions. Among the materials synthesized, FeCoP2S6 demonstrates the most promising performance, acting as a catalyst with an overpotential of 409 mV and 325 mV for the hydrogen evolution reaction and oxygen evolution reaction (OER), respectively. To further enhance its catalytic activity, a combination of liquid-phase exfoliation techniques assisted by microwave and sonication is employed to FeCoP2S6 (exf-FeCoP2S6), thereby increasing the surface area and exposing more active sites. Promising results are obtained for the OER, with exf-FeCoP2S6 displaying an overpotential of 271 mV, a value very closely matching the best performances reported in the literature under alkaline conditions. Long-term stability tests show a stable profile over time, corroborated by the XPS analysis and computer modeling, which confirms minimal degradation of the catalyst.
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| 10. |
- Zahra, M., et al.
(författare)
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Tailoring the ions and bandgaps in a novel semi-ionic energy conversion device for electrochemical performance
- 2020
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Ingår i: Materials Today Energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 2468-6069. ; 18
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The new semi-ionic energy conversion (SIEC) device has attracted remarkable attention owing to its clean and environmentally friendly applications. In this device, novel materials and mechanisms have been explored using electronic and ionic conductor materials. The tuning effect of the ions and bandgap has been studied to investigate the structural, optical, and electrochemical performance of the material. Composite materials, gadolinium-doped ceria-cadmium-doped ZnO (GDC-ZnCdO), based on ionic gadolinium-doped ceria (GDC) and semiconductor (ZnCdO) in molar ratios of 1:4, 2:3, 3:2, and 4:1 have been prepared by a wet chemical route. The crystalline structure of the GDC-ZnCdO was studied and found to have cubic and hexagonal wurtzite phases with an average crystallite size of 30–40 nm. The morphology of the prepared composite materials is a homogenous and porous structure. It was found that the addition of GDC increases the transmittance and shows a red shift in the bandgap from 2.70 eV to 2.46 eV. The maximum conductivity of 2.0 S/cm1 was achieved for the sample 4GDC-1ZnCdO at 700°C. Electrochemical impedance spectra and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis were performed to investigate the electrochemical properties of the prepared semi-ionic composite materials. The SIEC device showed a much better performance than a conventional solid oxide fuel cell. The maximum open-circuit voltage (OCV) of about 1.013 Vand power density of 0.65 W/cm2 were obtained using hydrogen fuel at 600°C, as compared with a conventional fuel cell with 0.72 V and 0.27 W/cm2, respectively. Hence, the results reveal that the ions and bandgap tuning play a crucial role in fuel cell functions. Therefore, it has been determined that the bandgap can be tuned to obtain a better and more stable performance of the SIEC device. This study presents a novel approach to enhance the electrochemical performance with the tailoring of the new semi-ionic materials.
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