| 1. |
- Gustafsson, Leif, et al.
(författare)
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International incidence rates of invasive cervical cancer before cytological screening
- 1997
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cancer. - 0020-7136 .- 1097-0215. ; 71:2, s. 159-165
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Huge differences in incidence rates of invasive cervical cancer occur among populations. These differences reflect the influences of both etiological environmental factors and removal of precursor lesions detected upon screening. The purposes of this article are (i) to describe similarities and differences in the shapes and magnitudes of age-specific incidence rates of invasive cervical cancer before screening had an effect, (ii) to provide baseline data for further global study of screening effects, and (iii) to provide baseline incidence data for the design of optimal screening programs. To eliminate the impact of screening effects, we have selected age-specific incidence rates from times when and from populations in which screening was insignificant. The selected rates were suitably scaled and compared regarding age at onset of increase in incidence, age at peak incidence, and rate of subsequent decline. Despite a 16-fold difference in incidence rates, all curves had the same basic structure, with an increase to a peak followed by a decline or a plateau. Although all populations but one had an onset around age 25, 7 European countries showed an earlier peak age (mean = 46 vs. 59) and a more rapid decline after the peak than most other populations. The common basic shape of the age-specific incidence curve, overall, suggests a relatively similar development of invasive cervical cancer in different populations. These results illustrate the underlying similarities in the markedly different age-specific incidence rates of invasive cervical cancer. They also provide a basis for studying screening effects and for optimizing screening programs in specific geographic areas.
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| 2. |
- Adami, Hans-Olov, et al.
(författare)
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Pregnancy and risk of non-Hodgkin´s lymphoma : a prospective study
- 1997
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cancer. - 0020-7136 .- 1097-0215. ; 70:2, s. 155-158
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The etiology of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL), including chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), is likely to be related to immune function. In the light of the established immunologic effects of a pregnancy, we decided to examine the risk of NHL and CLL in relationship to full-term pregnancies. Within a nationwide cohort we identified 1,546 women with NHL and 198 women with CLL, all 15 years or older, born 1925-1972. Five age-matched controls were selected for each case patient. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratios after mutual adjustment for number of births and age at first birth. We found a weak, negative association between parity and risk of NHL (p for trend 0.11) and a transient, 10-40% decrease in risk within 5-14 years after the last birth among women with various parity status. The risk of CLL decreased more markedly, and orderly with increasing parity, but the trend was not significant (p = 0.18). Small numbers of cases with CLL prevented more detailed analyses of temporal relationships. Age at first birth appeared unrelated to the risk of both NHL and CLL. We conclude that the immunologic alterations associated with a pregnancy have limited, if any, relevance to the etiology of NHL and CLL; changing reproductive pattern is an unlikely contributor to the marked increase in incidence of NHL seen in many populations.
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| 3. |
- Akre, Olof, et al.
(författare)
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Epstein-Barr virus and cytomegalovirus in relation to testicular-cancer risk : a nested case-control study
- 1999
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cancer. - 0020-7136 .- 1097-0215. ; 82:1, s. 1-5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An infectious etiology of testicular cancer has been suggested. We have evaluated seroreactivity against cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in relation to testicular-cancer risk in a case-control study, nested within a cohort of prospectively collected serum specimens from 293,692 individuals. For each of 81 cases of testicular cancer identified, 3 controls were randomly selected from the cohort. Serum IgG antibody titers against CMV and EBV were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) and immunofluorescence methods. Odds ratios (OR) were obtained from conditional logistic-regression models. No association was found between CMV positivity and testicular cancer overall (OR = 1.08; 95% confidence interval 0.60-1.94); risk for testicular seminoma was increased among CMV seropositive [OR = 1.70 (0.80-3.59)], whereas seropositivity was associated with decreased risk for testicular non-seminoma [OR = 0.54 (0.19-1.56)] (p for heterogeneity, 0.09). For EBV, the risk for testicular cancer was increased among individuals seropositive for viral capsid antigen (VCA) [OR = 2.74 (0.62-12.12)]. The results lend some support to the hypothesis of an infectious etiology, and we propose that future studies should take into account age at infection.
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| 4. |
- Amini, Rose-Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Patients suffering from both Hodgkin's disease and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: a clinico-pathological and immuno-histochemical population-based study of 32 patients
- 1997
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cancer. - 0020-7136 .- 1097-0215. ; 71, s. 510-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The occurrence of Hodgkin's disease (HD) and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) appearing in the same individual indicates a closer relationship between the 2 diseases than previously believed. The purpose of our study was to analyze cases of HD and NHL in a defined population clinically, histopathologically and immunohistochemically to look for similarities indicating a common cellular origin. Between 1974 and 1994, 77 individuals were identified from the Swedish Cancer Registry and the National Health Care Programme for HD as potentially having both diagnoses. Thirty-two patients who had both HD and NHL were available for histo-pathological re-examination and immunohistochemical staining with CD30, CD15, LMP, p53, CD45 (LCA), CD3, CD45R0 (UCHL-1), L26, MB2 and CD45R (4KB5). The most common relation was HD preceding a high-grade malignant NHL (16 of 32 patients), unexpectedly often of T-cell phenotype (7 of 16 patients). The next common association was NHL of B-CLL type followed by HD (7 of 32 patients). At clinical presentation, the first lymphoma did not differ from lymphomas not associated with a second lymphoma, whereas the second one often appeared with a disseminated and aggressive clinical form. There was a significant correlation between the expression of p53 and LMP in first and second lymphomas. CD3 antibody was frequently expressed both in HD and NHL, whereas positivity for B-cell-related antibodies, CD30, CD15 and CD45R0, was less frequent and generally lower than previously described. The occurrence of HD and NHL in an individual is unusual. Tumour biological features common to both HD and NHL may indicate a similar cellular origin, regardless of the time interval between the diagnoses, and may contribute to the understanding of the pathogenesis of lymphoma.
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| 5. |
- Bergman-Jungeström, Malin, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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Association between CYP17 gene polymorphism and risk of breast cancer in young women
- 1999
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cancer. - 0020-7136 .- 1097-0215. ; 84, s. 350-353
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Long-term exposure to oestrogens is a well-recognised risk factor for breast cancer, whereas little is known about the influence of polymorphisms of genes involved in oestrogen biosynthesis and metabolism. A candidate, containing a single bp polymorphism, T→C, (designated, A2 allele), might be the CYP17 gene, which codes for an enzyme involved in oestrogen synthesis. This polymorphism creates an additional Sp1-type promoter site (CCACC box), which has been shown to be associated with increased serum oestrogen levels. We performed a case-control study, to evaluate association of the CYP17 gene polymorphism with risk of breast cancer in young women (younger than 37 years). We found a statistically significant increased risk in carriers of at least 1 A2 allele [odds ratio (OR), 2.0; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.1–3.5, p = 0.027], and a trend toward a gene-dose effect illustrated by a slightly higher risk for A2-homozygous subjects (OR, 2.8) than for heterozygous women (OR, 1.9). Furthermore, when we investigated the CYP17 genotype in relation to tumour characteristics, breast cancer patients with 1 or 2 A2 alleles tended to have lower oestrogen receptor levels (risk ratio, 0.70; CI, 0.41–1.2, p = 0.44). Our findings suggest that CYP17 gene polymorphism influences breast carcinogenesis in young women.
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| 6. |
- Bergström, A., et al.
(författare)
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Occupational physical activity and renal cell cancer : a nationwide cohort study in Sweden
- 1999
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cancer. - New York, USA : John Wiley & Sons. - 0020-7136 .- 1097-0215. ; 83:2, s. 186-91
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The causes of renal cell cancer remain incompletely understood. In one previous retrospective case-control study, high occupational physical activity has been associated with a decreased risk among men, but not among women. Our aim was to investigate the association between occupational physical activity and renal cell cancer in a large cohort in Sweden. A cohort of Swedish men and women was identified in the nationwide censuses in 1960 and 1970, and the reported occupations were classified into 4 levels of physical demands. Follow-up from 1971 through 1989 was accomplished through record linkages to the Swedish Cancer Registry. Multivariate Poisson regression models were used to estimate relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). We found a monotonic increase in risk of renal cell cancer with decreasing level of occupational physical activity among men (p for trend <0.001). After adjustment for socio-economic status, place of residence, and calendar year of follow-up, men with long-term sedentary jobs had a 25% (RR = 1.25, 95% CI 1.02-1.53) increased risk compared to men with physically demanding occupations. Among women there was no association, the dose-risk trend was not significant (p for trend >0.50). Occupational physical activity was inversely associated with renal cell cancer among men. The absence of association among women might be due to smaller range of exposure, confounding by household work or reproductive factors, or to a difference in biological response to physical activity in men and women.
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| 7. |
- de Witte, H H, et al.
(författare)
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Prognostic significance of TP53 accumulation in human primary breast cancer : comparison between a rapid quantitative immunoassay and SSCP analysis.
- 1996
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cancer. - 0020-7136 .- 1097-0215. ; 69:2, s. 125-130
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- TP53 accumulation in human primary breast carcinomas was studied by a quantitative luminometric immunoassay (LIA), and TP53 gene alterations, exons 5-8, were examined by single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis. In 48 of 142 breast tumor samples, a TP53 gene alteration was identified. In tumor samples without a TP53 gene alteration, the median cytosolic TP53 protein level, as determined by LIA, was 0.4 ng/mg protein (range 0-70.8 ng/mg protein), whereas the median TP53 protein level for tumor samples with a TP53 gene alteration was 10 times higher, i.e., 4.1 ng/mg protein (range 0.1-176.0 ng/mg protein). Despite a significant correlation between the outcome of LIA and SSCP, a disagreement was found in 22% of cases analyzed. Significant correlations were found between TP53 protein accumulation and low estrogen receptor content, and with a shorter relapse-free as well as overall survival, with a median duration of follow-up of 100 months. Due to its rapid and easy performance on routinely prepared cytosols, the LIA for TP53 protein may be useful in evaluating the prognostic impact of TP53 protein accumulation in human primary breast cancer.
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| 8. |
- Fulda, S., et al.
(författare)
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Chemosensitivity of solid tumor cells in vitro is related to activation of the CD95 system
- 1998
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cancer. - 0020-7136 .- 1097-0215. ; 76:1, s. 105-114
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have identified the CD95 system as a key mediator of chemotherapy-induced apoptosis in leukemia and neuroblastoma cells. Here, we report that sensitivity of various solid tumor cell lines for drug-induced cell death corresponds to activation of the CD95 system, Upon drug treatment, strong induction of CD95 ligand (CD95-L) and caspase activity were found in chemosensitive tumor cells (Hodgkin, Ewing's sarcoma, colon carcinoma and small cell lung carcinoma) but not in tumor cells which responded poorly to drug treatment (breast carcinoma and renal cell carcinoma). Blockade of CD95 using F(ab')(2) anti-CD95 antibody fragments markedly reduced drug-induced apoptosis, suggesting that drug-triggered apoptosis depended on CD95-L/receptor interaction. Moreover, drug treatment induced CD95 expression, thereby increasing sensitivity for CD95-induced apoptosis, Drug-induced apoptosis critically depended on activation of caspases (ICE/Ced-3-like proteases) since the broad-spectrum inhibitor of caspases zVAD-fmk strongly reduced drug-mediated apoptosis, The prototype substrate of caspases, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, was cleaved upon drug treatment, suggesting that CD95-L triggered autocrine/paracrine death via activation of caspases, Our data suggest that chemosensitivity of solid tumor cells depends on intact apoptosis pathways involving activation of the CD95 system and processing of caspases. Our findings may have important implications for new treatment approaches to increase sensitivity and to overcome resistance of solid tumors. (C) 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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| 9. |
- Granberg, Dan, et al.
(författare)
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Decreased survival in patients with CD44-negative typical bronchial carcinoid tumors
- 1999
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cancer. - 0020-7136 .- 1097-0215. ; 84:5, s. 484-488
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tumor tissues from 43 patients with typical bronchial carcinoids have been immunostained with monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against the standard form (CD44s) and the splice variants v4, v5, v6, v7, v7-8, v9 and v10 of the adhesion molecule CD44. The staining results were correlated with clinical data. Ten patients (23%) had regional lymph node metastases at diagnosis. Distant metastases have occurred in 12% of the patients; 9% died during the observation period of median 65 months (14-325). Positive staining for CD44s was correlated with decreased risk for distant metastases and disease related death. All patients with distant metastases were v6-negative. Patients with CD44v7-8-positive tumors had decreased risk for distant metastases, but the differences in mortality did not reach statistical significance. CD44v9 correlated significantly with decreased risk for distant metastases and death. The remaining CD44 variants (v4, v5 and v10) did not correlate significantly with clinical outcome. Our results confirm earlier observations that typical bronchial carcinoids are potentially malignant. However, positive staining for CD44s, v7-8 and v9 seems to be associated with a more favorable outcome, and may be taken into consideration in prognostic evaluation.
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| 10. |
- Ibrahim, S O, et al.
(författare)
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Immunohistochemical detection of p53 in non-malignant and malignant oral lesions associated with snuff dipping in the Sudan and Sweden
- 1996
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cancer. - 0020-7136 .- 1097-0215. ; 68:6, s. 749-753
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Immunohistochemistry was used to examine the expression of p53 in pre-malignant oral lesions and oral squamous-cell carcinomas (SCCs) from Swedish and Sudanese snuff-dippers, as well as in pre-malignant oral lesions and oral SCCs from non-snuff-dippers from the Sudan, Sweden and Norway. Of the 14 SCCs from Sudanese snuff-dippers, 21% (3/14) expressed p53. Of the 14, 60 and 41 SCCs from non-snuff-dippers from the Sudan, Sweden and Norway, 64% (9/14), 65% (39/60) and 68% (28/41) expressed p53, respectively. A statistically significant difference in expression of p53 was found in SCCs from Sudanese snuff-dippers compared to those from non-snuff-dippers from all/or any of the 3 countries. None of the suspected pre-malignant oral lesions from Sudanese snuff dippers or non-snuff-dippers expressed p53. Only 2 out of the 15 oral fibro-epithelial hyperplastic lesions from Swedish snuff-dippers expressed p53. Some of the oral epithelial dysplastic lesions, as well as the carcinoma in situ lesions from Norwegian non-snuff-dippers, expressed p53, while the oral fibro-epithelial hyperplastic lesions did not. The low relative frequency of p53 expression found in oral SCCs from snuff-dippers compared to those from non-snuff-dippers might suggest differences in mechanisms of oncogenic action induced by snuff. Alternatively, the pathogenesis of malignant oral lesions from snuff-dippers may follow a p53-independent pathway. In view of the unusually high levels of the tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNA) found in the type of snuff used in the Sudan, investigations of p53 mutations or oncogenes are needed.
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