| 1. |
- Gentile, Massimiliano, et al.
(author)
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Deletion mapping of chromosome segment 11q24-q25, exhibiting extensive allelic loss in early onset breast cancer
- 2001
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In: International Journal of Cancer. - 0020-7136 .- 1097-0215. ; 92:2, s. 208-213
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Frequent allelic deletions at chromosome 11q24-q25 have been described in both early and late onset breast cancers, suggesting the existence of a gene locus implicated in the initiation and/or progression of the disease. In the present study we fine mapped this region further by loss of heterozygosity (LOH) analysis in a population of early onset breast cancer cases (n = 102, 22 to 36 years old). Loss of chromosomal material was assessed for possible association with patient survival as well as Nottingham histologic grade (NHG). Additionally, we investigated the involvement of the 11q24-q25 locus in a group of familial breast cancer cases with no detectable BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene alterations (n = 32, ages 28 to 40 years). Among the consecutive patients, extensive LOH was observed for all markers at 11q24-q25, with frequencies ranging from 42% to 54%. Deletion at the D11S4125 marker was found to be associated with reduced survival (p = 0.026), whereas the adjacent D11S387 marker correlated with higher histologic grade (p = 0.042). In the familial cases, the most telomeric markers showed substantially lower proportions of LOH, ranging from 10% to 21%. Comparison of the two patient groups demonstrated that this difference in LOH frequency was statistically significant for the D11S4098, D11S968, D11S387 and D11S4125 markers (p = 0.020, p = 0.029, p = 0.0070 and p = 0.0030, respectively). We conclude that 11q25 may harbor a gene implicated in early onset breast cancer. Our data suggest that the most probable position for this locus is defined by the markers D11S387 and D11S4125 and furthermore that it may play a less significant role in familial breast cancer cases not linked to either of the BRCA genes.
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| 2. |
- Bergström, A, et al.
(author)
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Overweight as an avoidable cause of cancer in Europe
- 2001
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In: International Journal of Cancer. - 0020-7136 .- 1097-0215. ; 91:3, s. 421-30
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- There is growing evidence that excess body weight increases the risk of cancer at several sites, including kidney, endometrium, colon, prostate, gallbladder and breast in post-menopausal women. The proportion of all cancers attributable to overweight has, however, never been systematically estimated. We reviewed the epidemiological literature and quantitatively summarised, by meta-analysis, the relationship between excess weight and the risk of developing cancer at the 6 sites listed above. Estimates were then combined with sex-specific estimates of the prevalence of overweight [body mass index (BMI) 25-29 kg/m(2)] and obesity (BMI > or = 30 kg/m(2)) in each country in the European Union to obtain the proportion of cancers attributable to excess weight. Overall, excess body mass accounts for 5% of all cancers in the European Union, 3% in men and 6% in women, corresponding to 27,000 male and 45,000 female cancer cases yearly. The attributable proportion varied, in men, between 2.1% for Greece and 4.9% for Germany and, in women, between 3.9% for Denmark and 8.8% for Spain. The highest attributable proportions were obtained for cancers of the endometrium (39%), kidney (25% in both sexes) and gallbladder (25% in men and 24% in women). The largest number of attributable cases was for colon cancer (21,500 annual cases), followed by endometrium (14,000 cases) and breast (12,800 cases). Some 36,000 cases could be avoided by halving the prevalence of overweight and obese people in Europe.
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| 3. |
- Bergström, A., et al.
(author)
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Physical activity and risk of renal cell cancer
- 2001
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In: International Journal of Cancer. - New York, USA : John Wiley & Sons. - 0020-7136 .- 1097-0215. ; 92:1, s. 155-157
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The relation between physical activity and renal cell cancer is unclear. High occupational physical activity has been associated with a decreased risk of renal cell cancer among men-but not among women-in two previous studies, while no association has been found for leisure time physical activity. Our aim was to investigate the association between occupational and leisure time physical activity in a prospective cohort of 17,241 Swedish twins. Information on physical activity and a wide range of potential confounding factors was obtained through a mailed questionnaire. During follow-up from 1967 through 1997 we identified 102 cases of renal cell cancer. We found no evidence of an inverse association between either occupational or leisure time physical activity and risk of renal cell cancer in this prospective cohort.
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| 4. |
- Cederquist, Kristina, et al.
(author)
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A population based cohort study of patients with multiple colon and endometrial cancer: correlation of microsatellite instability (MSI) staus, age at diagnosis and cancer risk
- 2001
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In: International Journal of Cancer. - 0020-7136 .- 1097-0215. ; 91:4, s. 486-491
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer, HNPCC, is an autosomal dominant condition predisposing to cancers of primarily the colorectum and the endometrium. The aim of our study was to identify persons at a high risk of hereditary colorectal cancer and to estimate their risk of colon and other HNPCC-associated tumours. Family histories of cancer were obtained on 89 persons with double primary (DP) cancers of the colon and the endometrium. The cancer risks in their 649 first-degree-relatives (FDR) were analysed. The microsatellite instability (MSI) status of the tumour of the proband was also analysed and the cancer risks were estimated in relation to MSI status and age at diagnosis in the proband (over or under 50 years). The overall standardised incidence ratio (SIR) was 1.69 (95% CI; 1.39-2.03). In the =50-year-old cohort the SIR was 2.67 (95% CI; 2.08-3.38). Colon, rectal and uterus cancer exhibited significantly increased risks. This risk was further increased in the =50-year-old MSI positive families. Several =50-year-old MSI negative HNPCC-like families with increased risks were also identified. In conclusion a FDR to a person with a DP cancer of the colorectum or the colon/endometrium have a significantly increased risk of having a colorectal or other HNPCC-associated cancers if the proband is diagnosed with one of the cancers before age 50. These families are candidates for genetic counselling and colorectal screening programmes. Mutations in mismatch repair genes can explain some of the increased risk in these families, but mutations in MSI negative families are probably due to other colon cancer susceptibility genes not yet described. Copyright 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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| 5. |
- Michels, Karin B., et al.
(author)
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Dietary antioxidant vitamins, retinol, and breast cancer incidence in a cohort of Swedish women
- 2001
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In: International Journal of Cancer. - 0020-7136 .- 1097-0215. ; 91:4, s. 563-567
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Dietary antioxidant vitamins and retinol have been proposed to be protective against breast cancer on the basis of their ability to reduce oxidative DNA damage and their role in cell differentiation. Epidemiologic studies have not been convincing in supporting this hypothesis, but women with high exposure to free radicals and oxidative processes have not been specifically considered. We explored these issues in the Swedish Mammography Screening Cohort, a large population-based prospective cohort study in Sweden that comprised 59,036 women, 40-76 years of age, who were free of cancer at baseline and who had answered a validated 67-item food frequency questionnaire. During 508,267 person-years of follow-up, 1,271 cases of invasive breast cancer were diagnosed. Cox proportional hazards models were used to obtain hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). There was no overall association between intake of ascorbic acid, beta-carotene, retinol or vitamin E and breast cancer incidence. High intake of ascorbic acid was inversely related to breast cancer incidence among overweight women (HR=0.61; 95% CI 0.45-0.82, for highest quintile of intake among women with body mass index>25 kg/m(2)) and women with high consumption of linoleic acid (HR=0.72; 95% CI 0.52-1.02, for highest quintile of ascorbic acid intake and average consumption of more than 6 grams of linoleic acid per day). Among women with a body mass index of 25 or below, the hazard ratio for breast cancer incidence was 1.27 (95% CI 0.99-1.63), comparing the highest to the lowest quintile of ascorbic acid intake. Consumption of foods high in ascorbic acid may convey protection from breast cancer among women who are overweight and/or have a high intake of linoleic acid.
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| 6. |
- Smith-Warner, S A, et al.
(author)
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Types of dietary fat and breast cancer : a pooled analysis of cohort studies
- 2001
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In: International Journal of Cancer. - 0020-7136 .- 1097-0215. ; 92:5, s. 767-74
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Recently, there has been interest in whether intakes of specific types of fat are associated with breast cancer risk independently of other types of fat, but results have been inconsistent. We identified 8 prospective studies that met predefined criteria and analyzed their primary data using a standardized approach. Holding total energy intake constant, we calculated relative risks for increments of 5% of energy for each type of fat compared with an equivalent amount of energy from carbohydrates or from other types of fat. We combined study-specific relative risks using a random effects model. In the pooled database, 7,329 incident invasive breast cancer cases occurred among 351,821 women. The pooled relative risks (95% confidence intervals [CI]) for an increment of 5% of energy were 1.09 (1.00-1.19) for saturated, 0.93 (0.84-1.03) for monounsaturated and 1.05 (0.96-1.16) for polyunsaturated fat compared with equivalent energy intake from carbohydrates. For a 5% of energy increment, the relative risks were 1.18 (95% CI 0.99-1.42) for substituting saturated for monounsaturated fat, 0.98 (95% CI 0.85-1.12) for substituting saturated for polyunsaturated fat and 0.87 (95% CI 0.73-1.02) for substituting monounsaturated for polyunsaturated fat. No associations were observed for animal or vegetable fat intakes. These associations were not modified by menopausal status. These data are suggestive of only a weak positive association with substitution of saturated fat for carbohydrate consumption; none of the other types of fat examined was significantly associated with breast cancer risk relative to an equivalent reduction in carbohydrate consumption.
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| 7. |
- Hjalgrim, Henrik, et al.
(author)
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Non-melanoma skin cancer may be a marker of poor prognosis in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
- 2000
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In: International Journal of Cancer. - 0020-7136 .- 1097-0215. ; 85:5, s. 639-642
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- According to recent results, patients with non-melanoma skin cancers are at increased risk of developing non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). The prognostic significance of this association is unknown. Two cohorts of patients with a first diagnosis of non-melanoma skin cancer and a subsequent diagnosis of either NHL (n = 170) or colon cancer (n = 435) were established using national cancer registry data in Denmark. Two other cohorts of patients in whom NHL (n = 600) or colon cancer (n = 1,541) was the patients' first known malignancy served as comparison groups. Mortality rates were compared using Cox's regression analysis. Among patients younger than 80 years at NHL diagnosis, a history of non-melanoma skin cancer was associated with significantly increased mortality [relative risk (RR) = 1.54; 95% confidence interval: 1.19-1.99]. This association was present in both men (RR = 1.38; 1.02-1.86) and women (RR = 2.15; 1.31-3.54) and was similar after both major subtypes of non-melanoma skin cancer. Overall, antedating non-melanoma skin cancer had no prognostic significance for colon cancer patients (RR = 1.00; 0.84-1.18). Whatever the underlying mechanism, our observation has potential clinical implications. If substantiated in other settings, NHL patients with prior non-melanoma skin cancer may constitute a subgroup of lymphoma patients in need of particular therapeutic attention.
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| 8. |
- Lomnytska, Marta, et al.
(author)
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Increased expression of cSHMT, Tbx3 and utrophin in plasma of ovarian and breast cancer patients
- 2006
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In: International Journal of Cancer. - : Wiley. - 0020-7136 .- 1097-0215. ; 118:2, s. 412-421
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Plasma samples of ovarian and breast cancer patients were used to search for markers of cancer using 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry. Truncated forms of cytosolic serine hydroxymethyl transferase (cSHMT), T-box transcription factor 3 (Tbx3) and utrophin were aberrantly expressed in samples from cancer patients as compared to samples from noncancerous cases. Aberrant expression of proteins was validated by immunoblotting of plasma samples with specific antibodies to cSHMT, Tbx3 and utrophin. A cohort of 79 breast and 39 ovarian cancer patients and 31 individuals with noncancerous conditions was studied. We observed increased expression of truncated cSHMT, Tbx3 and utrophin in plasma samples obtained from patients at early stages of disease. Our data suggest that cSHMT, Tbx3 and utrophin can be used as components of multiparameter monitoring of ovarian and breast cancer (supplementary material for this article can be found on the International Journal of Cancer website at http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/0020-7136/suppmat/index.html).
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| 9. |
- Jarbo, Caroline, et al.
(author)
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Detailed assessment of chromosome 22 aberrations in sporadic pheochromocytoma using array-CGH.
- 2006
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In: International Journal of Cancer. - : Wiley. - 0020-7136 .- 1097-0215. ; 118:5, s. 1159-64
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Pheochromocytoma is a predominantly sporadic neuroendocrine tumor derived from the adrenal medulla. Previous low resolution LOH and metaphase-CGH studies reported the loss of chromosomes 1p, 3q, 17p and 22q at various frequencies. However, the molecular mechanism(s) behind development of sporadic pheochromocytoma remains largely unknown. We have applied high-resolution tiling-path microarray-CGH with the primary aim to characterize copy number imbalances affecting chromosome 22 in 66 sporadic pheochromocytomas. We detected copy number alterations on 22q at a frequency of 44%. The predominant finding was monosomy 22 (30%), followed by terminal deletions in 8 samples (12%) and a single interstitial deletion. We further applied a chromosome 1 tiling-path array in 7 tumors with terminal deletions of 22q and found deletions of 1p in all cases. Our overall results suggest that at least 2 distinct regions on both 22q and 1p are important in the tumorigenesis of sporadic pheochromocytoma. A large proportion of pheochromocytomas also displayed indications of cellular heterogeneity. Our study is to our knowledge the first array-CGH study of sporadic pheochromocytoma. Future analysis of this tumor type should preferably be performed in the context of the entire human genome using genome-wide array-CGH, which is a superior methodological approach. Supplemental material for this article can be found on the International Journal of Cancer website at http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/0020-7136/suppmat/index.htm
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| 10. |
- Ceder, Yvonne, et al.
(author)
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Expression of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and human glandular kallikrein 2 (hK2) in ileum and other extraprostatic tissues
- 2005
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In: International Journal of Cancer. - : Wiley. - 0020-7136 .- 1097-0215. ; 113:2, s. 290-297
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is a widely used marker for prostate cancer. In the literature, there are reports of nonprostatic expression of PSA that potentially can affect early diagnosis. However, the results are scattered and inconclusive, which motivated us to conduct a more comprehensive study of the tissue distribution of PSA and the closely related protein human glandular kallikrein 2 (hK2). RT-PCR, in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry were used to detect expression of both PSA and hK2 in secretory epithelial cells of trachea, thyroid gland, mammary gland, salivary gland, jejunum, ileum, epididymis, seminal vesicle and urethra, as well as in Leydig cells, pancreatic exocrine glands and epidermis. Immunometric measurements revealed that the concentration of PSA in nonprostatic tissues represents less than 1% of the amount in normal prostate. Pronounced expression of PSA was detected in the Paneth cells in ileum, which prompted us to compare functional parameters of PSA in ileum and prostate. We found that in homogenates from these 2 tissues, PSA manifested equivalent amidolytic activity and capacity to form complexes with protease inhibitors in blood in vitro. Thus, PSA released from sources other than the prostate may add to the plasma pool of this protein, but given the lower levels detected from those sites, it is unlikely that nonprostatic PSA normally can interfere with the diagnosis of prostate cancer. Nevertheless, this risk should not be neglected as it may be of clinical significance under certain circumstances. Supplementary material for this article can be found on the International Journal of Cancer website at http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/0020-7136/ suppmat/index.htmi.
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