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Sökning: L773:0803 9488 > (2010-2014)

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31.
  • Holmqvist, Rolf, 1948-, et al. (författare)
  • The effects of psychological treatment in primary care in Sweden—A practice-based study
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. - : Informa Healthcare. - 0803-9488 .- 1502-4725. ; 68:3, s. 204-212
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Practice-based studies have found substantial effects of psychological treatment in routine care, often equivalent between treatment methods. Factors that moderate treatment outcome may be important to assess.Aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate treatment outcome in psychological treatment in primary care, and to compare outcome between the most frequently used methods. An additional aim was to study factors that might moderate outcome differences.Method: The Clinical Outcome in Routine Evaluation (CORE) system was used to evaluate psychological treatment at Swedish primary care centers. Treatment methods were coded by the therapists after treatment. Three major treatment orientations-directive (cognitive, behavioral and CBT), reflective (psychodynamic and relational) and supportive therapy were compared. Patient and therapist variables were studied as treatment moderating factors.Results: Analyses of 733 therapies, delivered by 70 therapists, showed good results in short psychological treatments (median session number = 6). Forty-three percent of the patients were remitted, 34% recovered. For patients receiving at least five sessions, the figures were 50% and 40%. Directive therapy and reflective therapy had comparable outcome, and better than supportive treatment. Patients in supportive therapy had higher age and received fewer therapy sessions. The patients' motivation, alliance capacity and reflective ability, as rated by the therapist after treatment, were lower for patients in supportive treatment.Conclusions: Psychological treatment in primary care obtains god results. Supportive therapy should be studied more systematically, particularly with regard to variables that may moderate treatment outcome. 
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32.
  • Högberg, Torbjörn, et al. (författare)
  • Swedish attitudes towards persons with mental illness
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0803-9488 .- 1502-4725. ; 66:2, s. 86-96
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Negative and stigmatizing attitudes towards persons with mental illness must be dealt with to facilitate the sufferers' social acceptance. Aim: The present study aimed at survey Swedish attitudes towards persons with mental illness related to factors impacting these attitudes. Material and Methods: New CAMI-S based on the questionnaire Community Attitudes to Mental Illness in Sweden ([CAMI] Taylor & Dear, 1981) was developed with nine behavioral-intention items and thus comprised a total of 29 items. Of 5000 Swedish people, 2391 agreed to complete the questionnaire. Principal component analysis rendered four factors reflecting attitudes towards the mentally ill: Intention to Interact, Fearful and Avoidant, Open-minded and Pro-Integration, as well as Community Mental Health Ideology. The factors were analyzed for trends in attitudes. By MANOVA, the experience of mental illness effects on mind-set towards the sufferers was assessed. By means of logistic regression, demographic factors contributing to positive attitudes towards persons with mental illness residing in the neighborhood were assessed. Results: By New CAMI-S, the Swedish attitudes towards the mentally ill were surveyed and trends in agreement with living next to a person with mental illness were revealed in three out of four factors derived by principal component analysis. Aspects impacting the Swedish attitudes towards persons with mental illness and willingness to have him/her residing in the neighborhood comprised experience of mental illness, female gender, age (31-50 years), born in Scandinavia or outside Europe, only 9 years of compulsory school and accommodation in flat. Conclusion: The New CAMI-S came out as a useful tool to screen Swedish attitudes towards persons with mental illness. Most Swedes were prepared to live next to the mentally ill.
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34.
  • Khalifa, Najah, et al. (författare)
  • Tourette Syndrome in the General Child Population : Cognitive functioning and self-perception
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0803-9488 .- 1502-4725. ; 64:1, s. 11-18
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The aim of the study was to examine the cognitive function and self-perception in a school-population-based sample of children with Tourette syndrome (TS). Many studies have examined cognitive and emotional functioning in clinical samples but to our knowledge, there is no population-based study of TS in schoolchildren. In a population-based sample identified in a rigid diagnostic procedure (n = 25), cognitive functioning and self-perception were examined. There was a large variation in the cognitive functioning of children with TS, at least one third obtaining subnormal results. The profile of index scores on the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC) factors was somewhat uneven, with the freedom from distractibility and processing speed factors presenting the lowest median scores. The TS group had more negative self-perceptions than a comparison group. Tic severity or age at onset was not associated with cognitive performance or self-perception. Children who were taking medication had lower full IQ scores than children who were not. Low cognitive abilities and negative self-perception may be common in community-based samples of children with Tourette syndrome.
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36.
  • Källmen, Håkan, et al. (författare)
  • Psychometric properties and norm data of the Swedish version of the NEO-PI-R
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0803-9488 .- 1502-4725. ; 65:5, s. 311-314
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Internationally, the NEO Personality Inventory-Revised (NEO-PI-R) is a well established questionnaire for assessment of personality in accordance with the Five Factor Model. The instrument has been translated into many languages including Swedish. Aim: The aim of this study was to make a psychometric evaluation of the Swedish version of NEO-PI-R based on a sample from the general population. Methods: Postal questionnaires were sent to a random sample of 1250 persons (n = 766 responders). Results and conclusions: The test showed satisfactory internal consistency in the broad factors as well as the facets. A factor analysis indicated that the factors were similar but not identical to those obtained in American studies. In sum, The Swedish version of the NEO-PI-R shows satisfactory psychometric properties and the instrument will continue to be a valuable tool in psychological research and in clinical practice.
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37.
  • Larsen, John Teilmann, et al. (författare)
  • Metabolic syndrome and psychiatrists' choice of follow-up interventions in patients treated with atypical antipsychotics in Denmark and Sweden
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1502-4725 .- 0803-9488. ; 65:1, s. 40-46
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Introduction: The aim of the present study was to obtain point prevalence estimates of the metabolic syndrome according to the NCEP III criteria in a sample of patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders treated with atypical antipsychotic drugs in Denmark and Sweden, and to assess the psychiatrists' choice of recommendations for follow-up interventions based on the patients' laboratory results. Method: This was a cross-sectional, observational multi-center study in Denmark and Sweden, in consecutively screened in- and outpatients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders and continuously treated for at least 3 months with atypical antipsychotic drugs. Results: The metabolic syndrome as per medical history was present in 1% of 582 evaluable patients at baseline. After performing laboratory measurements and applying the NCEP III criteria, metabolic syndrome was confirmed in 43% of subjects. The high rate of metabolic syndrome did not elicit much decisive action on the part of the treating psychiatrists; the most frequent action taken was dietary and exercise advice (in 75% of subjects), while in 54% and 19% of subjects a laboratory follow-up and blood pressure follow-up were advised respectively. Change of antipsychotic medication was recommended in only 10% of patients, and in further 11% of patients, no action was taken. Conclusion: Observed metabolic syndrome prevalence rates were at least twice the rates observed in a normal, non-diabetic population. It appears that in this vulnerable population of patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders, metabolic syndrome remains underdiagnosed and undertreated.
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38.
  • Larsson Lindahl, Marianne, et al. (författare)
  • Case management in aftercare of involuntarily committed patients with substance abuse. A randomized trial.
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1502-4725 .- 0803-9488. ; 67:3, s. 197-203
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objective: Case management has since the 1970s been widely used to co-ordinate services for mental health patients. The methodology has expanded to support patients in many different types of conditions. This study is one of very few randomized trials on case management in a European setting. It examined the impact of case management on substance abuse and use of service after discharge from court-ordered institutional care. Methods: Court-ordered patients with substance abuse (n = 36) were randomly assigned to either strengths based case management or treatment-as-usual during 6 months in aftercare. Data was collected at intake, at conclusion of intervention and at 6 month's follow-up with a follow-up rate of 94%. Results: Case management interventions were well received by the patients with no drop-out during intervention. Patients with the support of a case manager seemed to sustain abstinence in a higher degree compared with treatment-as-usual but no differences were detected in regard to use of care. A subgroup analysis showed that patients with a continuous drug abuse did have access to care from both social welfare and hospital care systems. Conclusions: Case management may be useful in order to retain abstinence in aftercare following court-ordered treatment. The social welfare and hospital care systems seem to provide care irrespective of case manager intervention. The study design, interventions and assessments instruments were well received by patients but needs to be replicated with a larger population. Clinical implications: The 100% retention in the case management support group indicates that patients were satisfied with this type of intervention and the methodology seems to be useful in order to retain abstinence.
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39.
  • Larsson Lindahl, Marianne, et al. (författare)
  • Commitment to coercive care in relation to substance abuse reports to the social services. A 2-year follow-up.
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1502-4725 .- 0803-9488. ; 64, s. 372-376
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: In Sweden, a person with substance abuse can be reported to the social services for an investigation about commitment to coercive care. After a change in legislation, municipalities varied greatly in the ratio of commitments/reports compared with the period before the legislation was amended. Aims: The primary aims of this study were first, to investigate whether subjects from municipalities with a high ratio of commitments/reports have a better outcome compared with subjects from municipalities with a low ratio and second, if a high ratio has an impact on mortality. Methods: The study involved two municipalities with high ratio of commitments/reports with 56 cases reported for substance abuse including 31 committed cases (55%). It also included two municipalities with a low ratio, 50 reported cases including six committed cases (12%). Two social service inspectors at the country administrative board assessed the cases in terms of severity of addiction according to legal criteria (kappa(s)=0.66), indicating good inter-rater agreement. A global index based on information about substance abuse, employment and housing was used as outcome measure at the 2-year follow-up. Results: Global outcome did not differ between cases from high- and low-ratio municipalities. Seven subjects had deceased because of causes related to substance abuse. None of the deceased had been committed to coercive care. Conclusions and clinical implications: In conclusion, the different ratios of commitments/reports did not influence global outcome. Commitment may reduce substance-related deaths.
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