| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
- Arthur-Farraj, Peter J., et al.
(författare)
-
c-Jun Reprograms Schwann Cells of Injured Nerves to Generate a Repair Cell Essential for Regeneration
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Neuron. - : Elsevier BV. - 0896-6273 .- 1097-4199. ; 75:4, s. 633-647
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The radical response of peripheral nerves to injury (Wallerian degeneration) is the cornerstone of nerve repair. We show that activation of the transcription factor c-Jun in Schwann cells is a global regulator of Wallerian degeneration. c-Jun governs major aspects of the injury response, determines the expression of trophic factors, adhesion molecules, the formation of regeneration tracks and myelin clearance and controls the distinctive regenerative potential of peripheral nerves. A key function of c-Jun is the activation of a repair program in Schwann cells and the creation of a cell specialized to support regeneration. We show that absence of c-Jun results in the formation of a dysfunctional repair cell, striking failure of functional recovery, and neuronal death. We conclude that a single glial transcription factor is essential for restoration of damaged nerves, acting to control the transdifferentiation of myelin and Remak Schwann cells to dedicated repair cells in damaged tissue.
|
|
| 4. |
- Bergmann, O., et al.
(författare)
-
The Age of Olfactory Bulb Neurons in Humans
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Neuron. - : Elsevier BV. - 0896-6273 .- 1097-4199. ; 74:4, s. 634-639
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Continuous turnover of neurons in the olfactory bulb is implicated in several key aspects of olfaction. There is a dramatic decline postnatally in the number of migratory neuroblasts en route to the olfactory bulb in humans, and it has been unclear to what extent the small number of neuroblasts at later stages contributes new neurons to the olfactory bulb. We have assessed the age of olfactory bulb neurons in humans by measuring the levels of nuclear bomb test-derived C-14 in genomic DNA. We report that C-14 concentrations correspond to the atmospheric levels at the time of birth of the individuals, establishing that there is very limited, if any, postnatal neurogenesis in the human olfactory bulb. This identifies a fundamental difference in the plasticity of the human brain compared to other mammals.
|
|
| 5. |
- Blennow, Kaj, 1958, et al.
(författare)
-
The Neuropathology and Neurobiology of Traumatic Brain Injury
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Neuron. - : Elsevier BV. - 0896-6273. ; 76:5, s. 886-899
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The acute and long-term consequences of traumatic brain injury (TBI) have received increased attention in recent years. In this Review, we discuss the neuropathology and neural mechanisms associated with TBI, drawing on findings from sports-induced TBI in athletes, in whom acute TBI damages axons and elicits both regenerative and degenerative tissue responses in the brain and in whom repeated concussions may initiate a long-term neurodegenerative process called dementia pugilistica or chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). We also consider how the neuropathology and neurobiology of CTE in many ways resembles other neurodegenerative illnesses such as Alzheimer's disease, particularly with respect to mismetabolism and aggregation of tau, beta-amyloid, and TDP-43. Finally, we explore how translational research in animal models of acceleration/deceleration types of injury relevant for concussion together with clinical studies employing imaging and biochemical markers may further elucidate the neurobiology of TBI and CTE.
|
|
| 6. |
|
|
| 7. |
- Chang, LJ, et al.
(författare)
-
Triangulating the Neural, Psychological, and Economic Bases of Guilt Aversion
- 2011
-
Ingår i: NEURON. - 0896-6273. ; 70:3, s. 560-572
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Why do people often choose to cooperate when they can better serve their interests by acting selfishly? One potential mechanism is that the anticipation of guilt can motivate cooperative behavior. We utilize a formal model of this process in conjunction with fMRI to identify brain regions that mediate cooperative behavior while participants decided whether or not to honor a partner's trust. We observed increased activation in the insula, supplementary motor area, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (PFC), and temporal parietal junction when participants were behaving consistent with our model, and found increased activity in the ventromedial PFC, dorsomedial PFC, and nucleus accumbens when they chose to abuse trust and maximize their financial reward. This study demonstrates that a neural system previously implicated in expectation processing plays a critical role in assessing moral sentiments that in turn can sustain human cooperation in the face of temptation.
|
|
| 8. |
|
|
| 9. |
|
|
| 10. |
|
|
