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Träfflista för sökning "L773:1007 9327 OR L773:2219 2840 srt2:(2020-2022)"

Sökning: L773:1007 9327 OR L773:2219 2840 > (2020-2022)

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2.
  • Dimberg, Jan, et al. (författare)
  • Effects of diabetes type 2 and metformin treatment in Swedish patients with colorectal cancer
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: World Journal of Gastroenterology. - : Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.. - 1007-9327 .- 2219-2840. ; 28:19, s. 2148-2151
  • Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • The association between type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and colorectal cancer (CRC) has been thoroughly investigated and reports have demonstrated that the risk of CRC is increased in DM patients. The association between DM and the survival of patients with CRC is controversial. Evidence suggests that metformin with its anti-inflammatory effects is a protective factor against the development of CRC among DM patients and that metformin therapy is associated with a better prognosis in patients with DM. In our cohort, we did not find any associations between the presence of DM or metformin and cancer specific survival or any relation to plasma levels of a panel of 40 inflammatory factors and irisin. On the other hand, we identified that the insulin-like growth factor binding protein 7 single nucleotide polymorphism rs2041437 was associated with DM in CRC patients. The dominance of the T bearing genotypes in patients with DM was statistically significant (P = 0.038), with an odds ratio of 1.66 (95% confidence interval: 1.03-2.69).
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3.
  • Lamarca, Angela, et al. (författare)
  • Advanced small-bowel well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumours : An international survey of practice on 3(rd)-line treatment
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: World Journal of Gastroenterology. - : BAISHIDENG PUBLISHING GROUP INC. - 1007-9327 .- 2219-2840. ; 27:10, s. 976-989
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND Somatostatin analogues are an established first-line therapy for well differentiated small bowel neuroendocrine tumours (Wd-SBNETs), while and peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) is frequently used as a second-line therapy. Adequate treatment selection of third-line treatment remains challenging due to the limited prospective data currently available on the best therapeutic sequence. AIM To understand current practice and rationale for decision-making by physicians in the 3(rd)-line setting by building an online survey. METHODS Weighted average (WA) of likelihood of usage between responders (1 very unlikely; 4 very likely) was used to reflect the relevance of factors explored. RESULTS Replies from representatives of 28 centers were received (5/8/2020-21/9/2020); medical oncologist (53.6%), gastroenterologist (17.9%); United Kingdom (21.4%), Spain (17.9%), Italy (14.3%). Majority from European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society (ENETS) Centres of Excellence (57.1%), who followed ENETS guidelines (82.1%). Generally speaking, 3(rd)-line treatment for Wd-SBNETs was: everolimus (EVE) (66.7%), PRRT (18.5%), liver embolization (LE) (7.4%) and interferon-alpha (IFN) (3.7%); chemotherapy (0%); decision was based on clinical trial data (59.3%), or personal experience (22.2%). EVE was most likely used if Ki-67 < 10% (WA 3.27/4) or age < 70 years (WA 3.23/4), in the 3(rd)-line setting (WA 3.23/4); regardless of presence/absence of carcinoid syndrome (CS), rate of progression or extent of disease. Chemotherapy was mainly utilised only if rapid progression (within 6 mo) (WA 3.35/4), Ki-67 10%-20% (WA 2.77/4), negative somatostatin receptor imaging (WA 2.65/4) or high tumour burden (WA 2.77/4); temozolomide or streptozocin was used with capecitabine or 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) (57.7%), FOLFOX (5-FU combined with oxaliplatin) (23.1%). LE was selected if presence of CS (WA 3.24/4) or Ki-67 < 10% (WA 2.8/4), after progression to other treatments (WA 2.8/4). IFN was rarely used (WA 1.3/4). CONCLUSION Everolimus was the most frequently used therapeutic option in the third-line setting. The most important factors for decision-making included Ki-67, rate of progression, functionality and tumour burden; since this decision is based on multiple factors, it highlights the need for a multidisciplinary assessment.
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4.
  • Shamoun, Levar, et al. (författare)
  • Association of gene and protein expression and genetic polymorphism of CC chemokine ligand 4 in colorectal cancer
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: World Journal of Gastroenterology. - : Baishideng Publishing Group. - 1007-9327 .- 2219-2840. ; 27:30, s. 5076-5087
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND Leukocytes, such as T cells and macrophages, play an important role in tumorigenesis. CC chemokine ligand (CCL) 4, which is produced by lymphocytes and macrophages, has been found to be expressed in the mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract and is a potent chemoattractant for various leukocytes. AIM To examine CCL4 expression and its genetic polymorphism rs10491121 in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) and evaluate their prognostic significance. METHODS Luminex technology was used to determine CCL4 Levels in CRC tissue (n = 98), compared with paired normal tissue, and in plasma from patients with CRC (n = 103), compared with healthy controls (n = 97). Included patients had undergone surgical resection for primary colorectal adenocarcinomas between 1996 and 2019 at the Department of Surgery, Ryhov County Hospital, Jönköping, Sweden. Reverse transcription quantitative PCR was used to investigate the CCL4 gene expression in CRC tissue (n = 101). Paired normal tissue and TaqMan single nucleotide polymorphism assays were used for the CCL4 rs10491121 polymorphism in 610 CRC patients and 409 healthy controls. RESULTS The CCL4 protein and messenger RNA expression levels were higher in CRC tissue than in normal paired tissue (90%, P < 0.001 and 45%, P < 0.05, respectively). CRC tissue from patients with localized disease had 2.8-fold higher protein expression levels than that from patients with disseminated disease. Low CCL4 protein expression levels in CRC tissue were associated with a 30% lower cancer-specific survival rate in patients (P < 0.01). The level of plasma CCL4 was 11% higher in CRC patients than in healthy controls (P < 0.05) and was positively correlated (r = 0.56, P < 0.01) with the CCL4 protein level in CRC tissue. The analysis of CCL4 gene polymorphism rs10491121 showed a difference (P < 0.05) between localized disease and disseminated disease in the right colon, with a dominance of allele A in localized disease. Moreover, the rate of the A allele was higher among CRC patients with mucinous cancer than among those with nonmucinous cancer. CONCLUSION The present study indicates that the CRC tissue levels of CCL4 and CCL4 gene polymorphism rs10491121, particularly in the right colon, are associated with clinical outcome in CRC patients.
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5.
  • Månsson, Sven, et al. (författare)
  • Motility index measured by magnetic resonance enterography is associated with sex and mural thickness
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: World Journal of Gastroenterology. - : Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.. - 1007-9327. ; 26:36, s. 5484-5497
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND Recently, a technique has been developed to use magnetic resonance enterography (MRE) for the evaluation of small bowel motility. The hypothesis was that assessment of the motility index (MI) should reflect differences in motility between clinical conditions. AIM To aim of the present observational, cross-sectional study was to evaluate the use of the MI in daily clinical practice. METHODS All consecutive patients aged 18-70 years who were referred for MRE at the Department of Radiology during a 2-year period were asked to participate. Healthy volunteers were included as controls. MRE was prepared and conducted in accordance with clinical routines. On the day of examination, all the participants had to complete the visual analog scale for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and IBS-symptom severity scale. Maps of MI were calculated from dynamic MR images. ANOVA was used to evaluate differences in MI between groups, classified as healthy, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, IBS, other assorted disorders and dysmotility. Logistic and linear regression were applied to the MI values. All medical records were scrutinized for medical history. RESULTS In all, 224 examinations were included (inclusion prevalence 76.3%), with 22 controls and 202 patients. There was a significant difference in the MI of the jejunum (P = 0.021) and terminal ileum (P = 0.007) between the different groups. The MI was inversely associated with the mural thickness of the terminal ileum in men (P < 0.001) and women (P = 0.063) after adjustments, and tended to be lower in men than in women (P = 0.056). Subjectively observed reduction of motility on MRI was accomplished by reduced MI of terminal ileum in men (P < 0.001) and women (P = 0.030). In women, diarrhea was inversely associated with the MI of the jejunum (P = 0.029), and constipation was positively associated with the MI of the terminal ileum (P = 0.039). CONCLUSION Although MIs differ across diseases, a lower MI of the terminal ileum is mainly associated with male sex and an increased mural thickness. Symptoms are weakly associated with the MI.
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6.
  • Veress, Bela, et al. (författare)
  • Structure of the myenteric plexus in normal and diseased human ileum analyzed by X-ray virtual histology slices
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: World Journal of Gastroenterology. - : Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.. - 1007-9327. ; 28:29, s. 3994-4006
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND The enteric nervous system (ENS) is situated along the entire gastrointestinal tract and is divided into myenteric and submucosal plexuses in the small and large intestines. The ENS consists of neurons, glial cells, and nerves assembled into ganglia, surrounded by telocytes, interstitial cells of Cajal, and connective tissue. Owing to the complex spatial organization of several interconnections with nerve fascicles, the ENS is difficult to examine in conventional histological sections of 3-5 μm. AIM To examine human ileum full-thickness biopsies using X-ray phase-contrast nanotomography without prior staining to visualize the ENS. METHODS Six patients were diagnosed with gastrointestinal dysmotility and neuropathy based on routine clinical and histopathological examinations. As controls, full-thickness biopsies were collected from healthy resection ileal regions after hemicolectomy for right colon malignancy. From the paraffin blocks, 4-µm thick sections were prepared and stained with hematoxylin and eosin for localization of the myenteric ganglia under a light microscope. A 1-mm punch biopsy (up to 1 cm in length) centered on the myenteric plexus was taken and placed into a Kapton® tube for mounting in the subsequent investigation. X-ray phase-contrast tomography was performed using two custom-designed laboratory setups with micrometer resolution for overview scanning. Subsequently, selected regions of interest were scanned at a synchrotron-based end-station, and high-resolution slices were reported. In total, more than 6000 virtual slices were analyzed from nine samples. RESULTS In the overview scans, the general architecture and quality of the samples were studied, and the myenteric plexus was localized. High-resolution scans revealed details, including the ganglia, interganglional nerve fascicles, and surrounding tissue. The ganglia were irregular in shape and contained neurons and glial cells. Spindle-shaped cells with very thin cellular projections could be observed on the surface of the ganglia, which appeared to build a network. In the patients, there were no alterations in the general architecture of the myenteric ganglia. Nevertheless, several pathological changes were observed, including vacuolar degeneration, autophagic activity, the appearance of sequestosomes, chromatolysis, and apoptosis. Furthermore, possible expulsion of pyknotic neurons and defects in the covering cellular network could be observed in serial slices. These changes partly corresponded to previous light microscopy findings. CONCLUSION The analysis of serial virtual slices could provide new information that cannot be obtained by classical light microscopy. The advantages, disadvantages, and future possibilities of this method are also discussed.
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