| 1. |
- Ahacic, Kozma, et al.
(författare)
-
Changes in sobriety in the Swedish population over three decades : age, period or cohort effects?
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Addiction. - Abingdon : Carfax. - 0965-2140 .- 1360-0443. ; 107:4, s. 748-755
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims This study aimed to examine age, cohort and period trends in alcohol abstinence.Design Two surveys, the Level of Living Survey collected in 1968, 1974, 1981, 1990 and 2000, and the Swedish Panel Study of the Oldest Old (SWEOLD) collected in 1992 and 2002, were studied with graphical depictions of cross-sectional and longitudinal data presented over time and over age. Cross-sectional 10-year age group differences, time-lag differences between waves and within-cohort differences between waves for 10-year birth cohorts were examined. Logistic regression models were applied to confirm the observed patterns.Setting The samples were representative of the Swedish population.Participants Participants ranged in age from 18 to 75 (n = 5000 per wave), and 77+ at later waves (n = 500).Measurements Alcohol abstinence was determined by asking ‘Do you ever drink wine, beer, or spirits?’, where a ‘no’ response indicated abstinence.Findings Decreases in abstinence rates were observed from 1968 to 2000/02. While cross-sectional analysis indicated increased abstinence with advancing age, the longitudinal analysis suggested otherwise. Inspection of cohort differences revealed little change within cohorts and large differences between cohorts; abstinence rates declined in later-born cohorts up to the 1940s birth cohorts; stability was observed in cohorts born since the 1940s. Logistic regression models indicated that neither age nor period were significant (P > 0.05) predictors of abstinence when cohort (P < 0.001) was included.Conclusion Decreasing proportions of total alcohol abstainers in Sweden from 1968 to 2000 appear to be attributable primarily to decreases in successive cohorts rather than drinkers becoming abstainers.
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
- Rehm, J., et al.
(författare)
-
Addiction Research Centres and the Nurturing of Creativity. Substance abuse research in a modern health care centre : the case of the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Addiction. - : Wiley. - 0965-2140 .- 1360-0443. ; 106:4, s. 689-697
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Centre for Addiction and Mental Health is one of the premier centres for research related to substance use and addiction. This research began more than 50 years ago with the Addiction Research Foundation (ARF), an organization that contributed significantly to knowledge about the aetiology, treatment and prevention of substance use, addiction and related harm. After the merger of the ARF with three other institutions in 1998, research on substance use continued, with an additional focus on comorbid substance use and other mental health disorders. In the present paper, we describe the structure of funding and organization and selected current foci of research. We argue for the continuation of this successful model of integrating basic, epidemiological, clinical, health service and prevention research under the roof of a health centre.
|
|
| 5. |
- Jarl, Johan, et al.
(författare)
-
Time pattern of reduction in risk of oesophageal cancer following alcohol cessation - A meta-analysis.
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Addiction. - : Wiley. - 1360-0443 .- 0965-2140. ; 107:7, s. 1234-1243
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: To establish the current level of knowledge of the effect of drinking cessation on the risk of developing oesophageal cancer. Method: A meta-analysis was conducted based on relevant studies identified through a systematic literature review. A Generalised Least Squares model for trend estimation of summarised dose-response data were utilised in order to estimate the effect of years since drinking cessation on risk of oesophageal cancer. Result: 17 studies that estimate the risk reduction after quantified drinking cessation were identified in the systematic literature review. Nine of these were appropriate for inclusion in the meta-analysis. A large degree of heterogeneity existed between the studies but this was explainable and the increased risk of oesophageal cancer caused by alcohol consumption was found to be reversible with a common trend between studies. A required time period of 16.5 years (95% CI 12.7-23.7) was estimated until no risk from former drinking remained, although this might have been an overestimation due to sample characteristics. The dose-response relationship was found to have an exponential decay. This means about half of the reduction in alcohol-related risk occurred after just a third of the time period required to eliminate the additional risk. Conclusion: The alcohol-related increased risk of oesophageal cancer is reversible following drinking cessation. It is most likely that about 16 years are required until all elevated risk has disappeared. Due to lack of research and data, more research is urgently required to increase the robustness of the estimates and to approach study limitations.
|
|
| 6. |
- Marques, Paul, et al.
(författare)
-
Estimating driver risk using alcohol biomarkers, interlock blood alcohol concentration tests and psychometric assessments: initial descriptives
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Addiction. - : Wiley. - 1360-0443 .- 0965-2140. ; 105:2, s. 226-239
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim To identify alcohol biomarker and psychometric measures that relate to drivers' blood alcohol concentration (BAC) patterns from ignition interlock devices (IIDs). Design, setting, participants, measurements In Alberta, Canada, 534 drivers, convicted of driving under the influence of alcohol (DUI), installed IIDs and agreed to participate in a research study. IID BAC tests are an established proxy for predicting future DUI convictions. Three risk groups were defined by rates of failed BAC tests. Program entry and follow-up blood samples (n = 302, 171) were used to measure phosphatidyl ethanol (PETH), carbohydrate deficient transferrin (%CDT), gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT) and other biomarkers. Program entry urine (n = 130) was analyzed for ethyl glucuronide (ETG) and ethyl sulphate (ETS). Entry hair samples were tested for fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEE) (n = 92) and ETG (n = 146). Psychometric measures included the DSM-4 Diagnostic Interview Schedule Alcohol Module, Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), the time-line follow-back (TLFB), the Drinker Inventory of Consequences (DRINC) and the Temptation and Restraint Inventory (TRI). Findings Except for FAEE, all alcohol biomarkers were related significantly to the interlock BAC test profiles; higher marker levels predicted higher rates of interlock BAC test failures. PETH, the strongest with an overall analysis of variance F ratio of 35.5, had significant correlations with all nine of the other alcohol biomarkers and with 16 of 19 psychometric variables. Urine ETG and ETS were correlated strongly with the IID BAC tests. Conclusions The findings suggest that several alcohol biomarkers and assessments could play an important role in the prediction and control of driver alcohol risk when re-licensing.
|
|
| 7. |
|
|
| 8. |
|
|
| 9. |
|
|
| 10. |
- Babor, T., et al.
(författare)
-
Alcohol : No Ordinary Commodity – a summary of the second edition
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Addiction. - : Wiley. - 0965-2140 .- 1360-0443. ; 105:5, s. 769-779
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article summarizes the contents of Alcohol: No Ordinary Commodity (2nd edn). The first part of the book describes why alcohol is not an ordinary commodity, and reviews epidemiological data that establish alcohol as a major contributor to the global burden of disease, disability and death in high-, middle- and low-income countries. This section also documents how international beer and spirits production has been consolidated recently by a small number of global corporations that are expanding their operations in Eastern Europe, Asia, Africa and Latin America. In the second part of the book, the scientific evidence for strategies and interventions that can prevent or minimize alcohol-related harm is reviewed critically in seven key areas: pricing and taxation, regulating the physical availability of alcohol, modifying the drinking context, drink-driving countermeasures, restrictions on marketing, education and persuasion strategies, and treatment and early intervention services. Finally, the book addresses the policy-making process at the local, national and international levels and provides ratings of the effectiveness of strategies and interventions from a public health perspective. Overall, the strongest, most cost-effective strategies include taxation that increases prices, restrictions on the physical availability of alcohol, drink-driving countermeasures, brief interventions with at risk drinkers and treatment of drinkers with alcohol dependence.
|
|
