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| 2. |
- Anåker, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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A comparative study of patients' activities and interactions in a stroke unit before and after reconstruction-The significance of the built environment
- 2017
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Ingår i: PLoS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203 .- 1932-6203. ; 12:7, s. Article no e0177477-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Early mobilization and rehabilitation, multidisciplinary stroke expertise and comprehensive therapies are fundamental in a stroke unit. To achieve effective and safe stroke care, the physical environment in modern stroke units should facilitate the delivery of evidence-based care. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore patients' activities and interactions in a stroke unit before the reconstruction of the physical environment, while in a temporary location and after reconstruction. This case study examined a stroke unit as an integrated whole. The data were collected using a behavioral mapping technique at three different time points: in the original unit, in the temporary unit and in the new unit. A total of 59 patients were included. The analysis included field notes from observations of the physical environment and examples from planning and design documents. The findings indicated that in the new unit, the patients spent more time in their rooms, were less active, and had fewer interactions with staff and family than the patients in the original unit. The reconstruction involved a change from a primarily multi-bed room design to single-room accommodations. In the new unit, the patients' lounge was located in a far corner of the unit with a smaller entrance than the patients' lounge in the old unit, which was located at the end of a corridor with a noticeable entrance. Changes in the design of the stroke unit may have influenced the patients' activities and interactions. This study raises the question of how the physical environment should be designed in the future to facilitate the delivery of health care and improve outcomes for stroke patients. This research is based on a case study, and although the results should be interpreted with caution, we strongly recommend that environmental considerations be included in future stroke guidelines.
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- Anåker, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Design quality in a healthcare context – time to operationalize the concept
- 2016
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a review of the concept of design quality in healthcare. The aim of review was to define the concept of design quality in order to be able to operationalize the concept for future research. In recent years, several studies have shown that the design of the physical environment affects the patient's health and wellbeing and how different models of care can be implemented, for example, person-centered care. Design quality in architecture has long been the subject for theoretical discussion. From the Roman architect Vitruvius to contemporary design quality following tangible and intangible properties such as utility, durability and beauty. In dictionaries, the general design quality is described as a standard for something when it is compared to other things; how good or bad something is to be of good / bad / the highest quality. Design quality can be described as a measure of a high standard, a plan or an intention of design in the way that it will work and look like. However, until recently, the meaning of design quality in healthcare has been vague and merely described as a subjective experience of the environment. In order to be useful the concept need to be connected to quality indicators of healthcare. In this presentation, we discuss the concept of design quality and its relation to evidence-based design i.e. design decisions based on the best available results from credible research and evaluation of completed building projects.
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- Anåker, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Design quality in the context of healthcare environments: a scoping review
- 2017
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Ingår i: Health Environments Research & Design Journal. - : SAGE Publications. - 1937-5867 .- 2167-5112. ; 10:4, s. 136-150
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective:We explored the concept of design quality in relation to healthcare environments. In addition, we present a taxonomy that illustrates the wide range of terms used in connection with design quality in healthcare.Background:High-quality physical environments can promote health and well-being. Developments in healthcare technology and methodology put high demands on the design quality of care environments, coupled with increasing expectations and demands from patients and staff that care environments be person centered, welcoming, and accessible while also supporting privacy and security. In addition, there are demands that decisions about the design of healthcare architecture be based on the best available information from credible research and the evaluation of existing building projects.Method:The basic principles of Arksey and O’Malley’s model of scoping review design were used. Data were derived from literature searches in scientific databases. A total of 18 articles and books were found that referred to design quality in a healthcare context.Results:Design quality of physical healthcare environments involves three different themes: (i) environmental sustainability and ecological values, (ii) social and cultural interactions and values, and (iii) resilience of the engineering and building construction. Design quality was clarified herein with a definition.Conclusions:Awareness of what is considered design quality in relation to healthcare architecture could help to design healthcare environments based on evidence. To operationalize the concept, its definition must be clear and explicit and able to meet the complex needs of the stakeholders in a healthcare context, including patients, staff, and significant others.
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- Anåker, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Enriched Environments in Stroke Units : Defining Characteristics and Limitations
- 2024
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Ingår i: Health Environments Research & Design Journal. - 1937-5867 .- 2167-5112.
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Individuals with stroke rehabilitated in an enriched environment (EE) compared to a non-EE are more likely to participate in cognitive and social activities, promoting their rehabilitation and well-being. There is a need for a more comprehensive understanding of methods to implement EEs within complex health systems, particularly in stroke units.OBJECTIVE: The aim of this systematic review was to compile the concept of an EE in stroke units.METHODS: The literature was sourced from CINAHL, Embase, and Medline databases. A detailed screening and sifting process was used to identify relevant literature. Multiple reviewers independently appraised the identified literature using a Mixed-methods Appraisal Tool. After screening 336 studies, 11 were included.RESULTS: This review reveals an EE is challenging to define and almost exclusively about activities based on access to individual and communal equipment. Generally, there are no common descriptions or conceptual agreements.CONCLUSIONS: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to systematically review the concept of an EE in stroke units and shows that more studies on EEs are needed. The weak definitions and unclear theoretical backgrounds of an EE in the included studies could challenge operationalization. Future research should be based on more precise definitions of an EE and broader interventions that include changes to built and natural environments.
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| 8. |
- Anåker, Anna
(författare)
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Fysisk miljö på strokeenheter : betydelse för vården
- 2019
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Bakgrund: Den fysiska miljön har betydelse för människors hälsa och välbefinnande. Rehabilitering som påbörjas på strokeenheter i ett tidigt skede, kan förbättra återhämtning och minska risken för funktionshinder. Hur den fysiska miljön på en strokeenhet ska vara utformad för att utgöra ett stöd för patientens aktiviteter och vård är i begränsad omfattning studerat. Vidare är kunskapen begränsad gällande hur utformningen av den fysiska miljön kan påverka det multidisciplinära teamets arbete på en strokeenhet.Syfte: Det övergripande syftet var att generera kunskap om den fysiska miljön på strokeenheter och den komplexa relationen mellan utformningen av miljön, vården och användarens erfarenhet av den fysiska miljön.Metod: Avhandlingen baserades på fyra delstudier. Delstudierna hade en beskrivande och explorativ design. Tre nybyggda strokeenheter studerades, varav en strokeenhet följdes från den ursprungliga, via den temporära till den nybyggda enheten. I delstudie I, II och IV användes strukturerade observationer för att dokumentera patientens aktivitetsnivå, det fysiska rummet för aktiviteten, samt vilken eller vilka personer som var med patienten i rummet. I delstudie I, II och IV användes även icke-strukturerade observationer. De icke-strukturerade observationerna syftade till att utforska stöd och hinder i den fysiska miljön för patienter och det multidisciplinära teamet. För delstudie III användes en kvalitativ metod som med hjälp av intervjuer syftade till att studera patienternas erfarenheter av den fysiska miljön.Resultat: Delstudie I visade att på den nybyggda strokeenheten tillbringade patienterna mer tid på sina rum, hade lägre aktivitetsnivå och hade färre interaktioner med personal och anhöriga, än på den gamla strokeenheten. Förändringar av den fysiska miljön kan ha påverkat patienternas aktiviteter och interaktioner. Delstudie II visade att strokeenheterna skilde sig åt gällande patienternas aktivitetsnivå och proportion av dagen som patienterna var ensamma på sina rum. Patienterna hade högre aktivitetsnivå på en strokeenhet med en kombination av enkelrum och flerbäddsrum jämfört med en strokeenhet med uteslutande enkelrum. En flexibel, lättorienterad och omväxlande miljö utgjorde ett stöd för vård och aktiviteter. I delstudie III framkom två teman: (i) inkongruens mellan gemenskap och avskildhet och (ii) förbindelse med världen utanför ger distraktion och en känsla av normaltillstånd. I enkelrummen upplevde patienterna ensamhet och en frånvaro av social gemenskap. Patienterna blev positivt distraherade när de tittade på natur eller på aktiviteter som fortgick utanför deras fönster. Delstudie IV visade att det multidisciplinära teamet inte arbetade tillsammans i mötet med patienten. Vidare framkom i resultatet olika stöd och hinder i den fysisk miljö som påverkade teamets aktiviteter, exempelvis hinder i form av en fysiskt uppdelad miljö för teamet.Konklusion: Denna avhandling har bidragit till att öka förståelsen och kunskapen om den fysiska miljön på strokeenheter. Att använda ett evidensbaserat kunskapsunderlag när det gäller planering och design av nya strokeenheter är centralt. Den fysiska miljön kan vara ett stöd både för den person som insjuknat i en stroke och för det multidisciplinära teamet. Den fysiska miljön bör utformas för att minska inaktiviteten och upplevelsen av ensamhet, samt bidra till att det multidisciplinära teamet har lämpliga lokaler där teamet kan arbeta tillsammans.
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| 9. |
- Anåker, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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“It’s Lonely”: Patients’ Experiences of the Physical Environment at a Newly Built Stroke Unit
- 2019
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Ingår i: HERD. - : SAGE Publications. - 2167-5112 .- 1937-5867. ; 12:3, s. 141-152
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: The aim of this study was to explore patients’ experiences of the physical environment at a newly built stroke unit. Background: For a person who survives a stroke, life can change dramatically. The physical environment is essential for patients’ health and well-being. To reduce infections, a majority of new healthcare facilities mainly have a single-room design. However, in the context of stroke care, knowledge of how patients experience the physical environment, particularly their experience of a single-room design, is scarce. Method: This study used a qualitative design. Patients (n = 16) participated in semistructured individual interviews. Data were collected in December 2015 and February 2017 in Sweden; interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using content analysis. Results: Two main themes were identified: (i) incongruence exists between community and privacy and (ii) connectedness with the outside world provides distraction and a sense of normality. In single rooms, social support was absent and a sense of loneliness was expressed. Patients were positively distracted when they looked at nature or activities that went on outside their windows. Conclusions: The physical environment is significant for patients with stroke. This study highlights potential areas for architectural improvements in stroke units, primarily around designing communal areas with meeting places and providing opportunities to participate in the world outside the unit. A future challenge is to design stroke units that support both community and privacy. Exploring patients’ experiences could be a starting point when designing new healthcare environments and inform evidence-based design.
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