| 1. |
- Adler, Patrick, et al.
(author)
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The city and high-tech startups : The spatial organization of Schumpeterian entrepreneurship
- 2019
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In: Cities. - : Pergamon Press. - 0264-2751 .- 1873-6084. ; 87:April, s. 121-130
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Research on Schumpeterian entrepreneurship identifies new high-growth startup companies as key factors in technological innovation and economic growth. While economists have tended to focus on high-growth, high-tech startup firms as the unit of analysis, economic geographers and urbanists have examined the geographic dimensions of entrepreneurship, particularly the rise of entrepreneurial clusters and eco systems. We focus here on a particular type of Schumpeterian entrepreneurship associated with high-tech startup companies, or what we refer to as “tech-startup entrepreneurship.†We contend that the organization of such Schumpeterian entrepreneurship occurs at two spatial scales. At the macro-geographic level, it is highly clustered and concentrated in a relatively small number of global cities or metro areas. At the micro-geographic level, it is highly concentrated in distinct districts or micro-clusters within these leading cities and metro areas. To examine the geographic dimensions of tech-startup entrepreneurship across these spatial scales, we use previously unused data on venture capital-financed startups at the metropolitan and district levels. Our findings support the hypothesis that tech-startup entrepreneurship is organized across two distinct but related spatial scales, which act on entrepreneurial activity through different mechanisms. These findings suggest that local diversity and local specialization can simultaneously potentiate innovation, and that a multi-scalar approach to the geography of entrepreneurship is prudent.
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| 2. |
- Andersson, David Emanuel, et al.
(author)
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Analysing Creative Cities
- 2011
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In: Handbook of Creative Cities. - Cheltenham : Edward Elgar Publishing. - 9781849801508 - 9780857936394 ; , s. 3-13
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)
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| 3. |
- Backman, Mikaela, et al.
(author)
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Effects of human Capital on the growth and survival of Swedish businesses
- 2016
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In: Journal of Regional Analysis and Policy. - 1090-4999. ; 46:1, s. 22-38
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper examines the effects of human capital on the growth and survival of a large sample of Swedish businesses. Human capital is represented by conventional measures of the educational attainment and experience of an establishment’s workers and skills-based measures of the types of occupations present in the company. Controlling for an establishment’s size and age, as well as its industry and region of location, we find that the human capital embodied in a company’s workers affects its performance. The specific effects, however, depend on how human capital is measured and whether the analysis focuses on growth or survival.
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| 4. |
- Bjerke, Lina, 1980-, et al.
(author)
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Mover stayer winner loser : A study of income effects from rural migration
- 2022
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In: Cities. - : Elsevier. - 0264-2751 .- 1873-6084. ; 130:November
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Rural-urban migration theory suggests that one gains economically by moving from a rural to an urban area. The popular juxtaposing notion is: "If you stay, you lose." But given the rapid increase in housing costs in bigger cities, are losses from staying in rural areas still necessarily the rule? If so, how big is the economic loss for those who stay in rural regions? Using Swedish micro data, we focus on the income effects of rural-urban migration among young individuals. We find that staying in a rural region is negatively related to an individual's income levels, but the loss is mostly insignificant. After controlling for housing costs, it is even beneficial for many people to stay in their rural areas, except for the most highly educated individuals who can benefit by moving to an urban area.
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| 5. |
- Bjerke, Lina, et al.
(author)
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Moving home again? Never! The locational choices of graduates in Sweden
- 2017
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In: The annals of regional science. - : Springer. - 0570-1864 .- 1432-0592. ; 59:3, s. 707-729
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Two major challenges in Europe’s rural areas are an aging population and the diminishing share of human capital. While this pattern has been occurring for a long time, the effects are becoming acutely visible and impactful. The long-term loss of younger individuals has in many ways “drained” the labor market and the economic market power of rural areas. This is the context of our research: the locational choice of university graduates from an urban–rural perspective. Using micro data covering the entire Swedish population, we identify all university graduates from the year 2001. We analyze them with respect to whether they live in a rural or urban region before starting university and where they live after graduation at two points in time: 5 and 10 years. We use a series of multinomial logit regressions to determine what factors affect their short-term and long-term choices of location. We find that having children is one of the most influential factors for moving back home after graduation, irrespective of type of region. We find only minor differences between the two time perspectives.
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| 6. |
- Bäckström, Pontus, 1983-
(author)
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Exploring mechanisms of peer effects in education : Frame factor analyses of classroom instruction
- 2024
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Despite a vast international literature, previous research into compositional effects and peer effects in education has remarked on the lack of consensus within the field. To date, peer effects in education and students’ different opportunities to learn in school have been studied separately. In this thesis, it is argued that these perspectives need to be synthesized.In the thesis, Frame Factor Theory is employed as a theory of peer effects in classroom instruction. According to the theory, one mechanism generating peer effects is the steering and limiting effect that class composition has on teachers’ instruction. It is argued that this perspective also needs to be synthesized with the Opportunity to Learn-perspective, to widen our understanding of why different students meet different instruction and thus are given different opportunities to learn. The theoretical perspectives and empirical models are evolved through three empirical studies included in the thesis. The theoretical development and the empirical results from each study is discussed in an integrative essay in the thesis.The results indicate that class composition affects the presence of limitations on instruction and content coverage in instruction, both of which is related to students’ opportunities to learn and individual students’ achievement. Implications for future research and educational policy is discussed.
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| 7. |
- Comunian, Roberta, et al.
(author)
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The economics of talent : Human capital, precarity and the creative economy
- 2021
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Book (peer-reviewed)abstract
- To date, research into urban economics, regional science and economic geography has predominantly focused on the firm and industry as the key units of analysis in order to understand economic development; however, the past few decades have seen a growing interest in the role played by talent in the knowledge economy. This book provides an essential overview of the skills revolution. It presents key milestones of the changes in economic development in the past few decades and explains the motivation behind the rise of talent, as well as its importance for cities and economies. It also offers advice on how to attract and manage talent – a major determinant of competitiveness for countries and regions around the world. In closing, the book explains the underlying theories and provides practical examples for students, researchers and practitioners alike.
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| 8. |
- Correa, Miquel
(author)
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On new homes and green lands : Three microeconometric essays as if urban costs and rural sustainability mattered
- 2023
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This thesis is structured as a compendium of three self-contained articles, all single-authored. In the first paper, I analyze the effect of a mortgage cap, a policy implemented as a macroeconomic prudential measure by the Swedish Financial Supervisory Authority in 2010, on the likelihood of the young adult population purchasing a house in Sweden. I find that the purchasing rate decreases less for the wealth-constrained individuals in relation to the wealth-unconstrained during a four-year period after the implementation of the policy.In the second paper, I examine how experiencing working from home (WFH) during the COVID-19 pandemic contributed to out-migration of the working-age population of large Swedish cities. Using register microdata of individuals in the period 2015–2021, the results show that the remote work experiment significantly increased the likelihood of moving out of large cities and of moving to the hinterlands compared to the usual internal migration flows before the pandemic.Finally, I analyze the role of geographical and cognitive proximity in the decision to adopt organic farming in Sweden for the period 2010–2016. I find that the nearby presence of earlier adopters in a parish influences current adoption, indicating the existence of proximity effects in the diffusion of environmentally sustainable technologies across a diversity of farming industries in Sweden. The effect also becomes more pronounced when farmers share cognitive similarities, defined as per type of farming industry, in particular for the dairy sector and mixed farming activities.
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| 9. |
- Credit, Kevin, et al.
(author)
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Third places, the connective fibre of cities and high-tech entrepreneurship
- 2024
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In: Regional studies. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0034-3404 .- 1360-0591.
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Urban 'third places' foster informal interactions and face-to-face contact that is critical to the development of new innovations and start-up businesses. Our research utilises extensive microdata in combination with telephone interviews with over 200 start-up companies in Stockholm, Sweden. Our findings indicate that access to third places has a significant impact on the number of new high-tech start-ups (both by entrepreneur place of residence and work) in their vicinity. This suggests that third places play a demonstrable role in innovation and economic growth.
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| 10. |
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