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Sökning: LAR1:hkr > Naturvetenskap

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1.
  • Björklund, Erland, et al. (författare)
  • MORPHEUS success story Segesholmsån river and Degeberga WWTP, Skåne, Sweden
  • 2021
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • In the MORPHEUS project three Swedish Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTPs) were investigated for their release of pharmaceuticals into the recipient. One of these was Degeberga WWTP which discharges its treated wastewater into the Segesholmsån river, ending in the Baltic Sea. Segesholmsån river has a length of 23 km and an average flow of roughly 0.6 m3/s (Figure 1).
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2.
  • Jönsson, K. Ingemar, et al. (författare)
  • Tolerance to X-rays and Heavy Ions (Fe, He) in the Tardigrade Richtersius coronifer and the Bdelloid Rotifer Mniobia russeola
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Astrobiology. - : Mary Ann Liebert Inc. - 1531-1074 .- 1557-8070. ; 17:2, s. 163-167
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The aim of this study was to analyze tolerance to heavy ions in desiccated animals of the eutardigrade Richtersius coronifer and the bdelloid rotifer Mniobia russeola within the STARLIFE project. Both species were exposed to iron (Fe) and helium (He) ions at the Heavy Ion Medical Accelerator in Chiba (HIMAC) in Chiba, Japan, and to X-rays at the German Aerospace Center (DLR) in Cologne, Germany. Results show no effect of Fe and He on viability up to 7 days post-rehydration in both R. coronifer and M. russeola, while X-rays tended to reduce viability in R. coronifer at the highest doses. Mean egg production rate tended to decline with higher doses in R. coronifer for all radiation types, but the pattern was not statistically confirmed. In M. russeola, there was no such tendency for a dose response in egg production rate. These results confirm the previously reported high tolerance to high linear energy transfer (LET) radiation in tardigrades and show for the first time that bdelloid rotifers are also very tolerant to high-LET radiation. These animal phyla represent the most desiccation-and radiation-tolerant animals on Earth and provide excellent eukaryotic models for astrobiological research.
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3.
  • Back, C, et al. (författare)
  • High-dosage treatment of a Quebec stream with Bacillus thuringiensis serovar. israelensis : efficacy against black fly larvae (Diptera, Simuliidae) and impact on nontarget insects
  • 1985
  • Ingår i: Canadian Entomologist. - 0008-347X .- 1918-3240. ; 117:12, s. 1523-1534
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • A typical lake outlet of the Canadian Shield was treated for 15 min with a high dose (5.28 g/L s−1 of discharge) of Teknar®, a commercial formulation of Bacillus thuringiensis serovar. israelensis. Efficacy on Simuliidae larvae and impact on non-target aquatic insects of this stream were monitored using drift nets, counting plates, and artificial turf substrates along a 1000-m section downstream of the site of application. Compared with a 4-day pre-treatment average for 12-h sampling periods, drift of Simuliidae increased from 64 to 92 ×, with shorter peaks of 133–184 ×, 2–6 h after treatment. There was no evident drift increase in larvae of Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, Trichoptera, Chironomidae, or dipterous pupae, but larvae of Blephariceridae (Diptera) were severely affected as their drift was increased by up to 50 × and remained high for 3 days. After 30 h the mortality of Simuliidae on counting plates ranged from 95 to 82% in the first 300 m, with detachment rates of 78.5–46.5%. Densities of non-target insect larvae were not reduced on the artificial substrates, except for 2 genera of Chironomidae (Eukiefferella and Polypedilum) which were reduced 26 to 39% of their original density. Drifting larvae of 1 chironomid genus (Phaenopsectra) also showed symptoms of toxemia by B.t.i. The main impact of the treatment was thus seen in 2 Nematocera families (Chironomidae and Blephariceridae) which were mainly exposed to B.t.i. sedimented on the bottom of the stream or attached to periphyton growing on rocks.
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4.
  • Björklund, Erland, et al. (författare)
  • Biologiske metoder for nedbryting av medisinrester i gjødsel
  • 2017
  • Rapport (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
    • Det er lite kunnskap om medisinrester i norsk hestemøkk. I dette prosjektet har vi videreutviklet en analysemetode som kan analyse for ulike antibiotika og parasittmidler i samme prøve. Metoden er utviklet og testet slik at den kan brukes på fast substrat som hestemøkk. Hestemøkk fra medisinerte hester og hestemøkk tilsatt kjente mengder medisiner ble kompostert ute i en ranke bestående av hestemøkk og nyslått gras. I et potteforsøk, ble noe av hestemøkken fra medisinerte hester tilsatt kompostmeitemark for å se hvordan de bearbeidet medisinrestene. - Flere medisiner til husdyr ble vurdert i starten og det er utviklet analysemetode for flere virkestoffer i medisiner mest vanlig brukt til hest. Antibiotikumet Tribrissen vet inj med virkestoffene trimetoprim og sulfadiazin, og parasittmidlene Panacur med virkestoffet fenbedazol, og Banminth med virkestoffet pyrantelembonat til hest, ble med i hele forprosjektet. 70 prøver av hestemøkk og hestemøkkompost ble analysert. Vi fant at man kan analysere tørket hestemøkk fra medisinerte hester, prøvene trenger dermed ikke frysetørkes for videresending til analyse. Analysemetoden kan brukes for å analysere alle 4 virkestoffene samtidig. - Det er høyest restinnhold i hestemøkk 1-2 dager etter at hesten er behandlet, men litt ulikt for hvert stoff. Deretter reduseres mengden raskt i møkk fra hestene. Nedbrytingen av medisiner tar tid i de komposteringsmetodene som ble testet. I rankekomposten avtok innholdet av medisiner utover i perioden på 60 dager. Det var litt ulike nedbrytingskurver for de ulike stoffene. Tre av stoffene var det enda rester av i komposten etter 60 dager. Forsøket med bruk av kompostmeitemark må optimaliseres og gjøres på nytt, mellom annet fordi mange av meitemarkene døde i ledd med ubehandlet hestemøkk. - Våre utprøvinger viser at møkk fra behandla hester bør skilles fra annen møkk de første 1-3 dagene etter behandling. Det må utvikles håndteringsstrategier for denne møkken slik at den kan brukes trygt i plantedyrking. Det må flere utprøvinger til mht omdanningshastighet av medisinrester ved ulike komposteringsmetoder. Både temperaturutvikling, størrelsen på kompostranken, fuktighetsforhold og overlevelse av kompostmeitemark er viktige faktorer som vi må vite mer om under norske forhold. Innholdet i urin ble ikke testet. - Vi gjennomførte en spørreundersøkelse om jord og gjødsel blant 100 hagesenterkunder. Den viste at det er en viss interesse for torvfrie, lokalproduserte jord- og gjødselprodukter, rundt halvparten av de spurte var villige til å betale 20 % merpris for et slikt produkt. Undersøkelsen viste at forbrukerne ønsket jord og gjødsel som er næringsrik og hvor ett produkt kan brukes til flere formål. - Dette prosjektet har hatt stor betydning for samarbeidspartene ved å utvikle analysemetode for medisinrester i fast hestemøkk, videre har vi lagt et grunnlag for å videreutvikle hestegjødsel som et produkt uten medisinrester.
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5.
  • Eriksson, Urban, Lektor i fysik med inriktning mot fysikdidaktik, 1968- (författare)
  • Disciplinary discernment : reading the sky in astronomy education
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Physical review physics education research. - : American Physical Society. - 2469-9896. ; 15:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This theoretical paper introduces a new way to view and characterize learning astronomy. It describes a framework, based on results from empirical data, analyzed through standard qualitative research method- ology, in which a theoretical model for a vital competency of learning astronomy is proposed: reading the sky, a broad description under with various skills and competencies are included. This model takes into account not only disciplinary knowledge but also disciplinary discernment and extrapolating three dimensionality. Together, these constitute the foundation for the competency referred to as reading the sky. In this paper, these competencies are described and discussed and merged to form a new framework vital for learning astronomy to better match the challenges students face when entering the discipline of astronomy.
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6.
  • Hansson, Lars-Anders, et al. (författare)
  • Experimental evidence for a mismatch between insect emergence and waterfowl hatching under increased spring temperatures
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: Ecosphere. - : Ecological Society of America. - 2150-8925 .- 2150-8925. ; 5:9, s. 120-
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • By combining a large-scale experimental assessment on timing of insect emergence with longtermmonitoring of waterfowl hatching date, we here show that insect emergence is mainly driven bytemperature, whereas there is only a weak effect of increasing spring temperatures on inter-annualvariability in observations of waterfowl chicks. Hence, a change in timing of the mass-emergence of insectsfrom lakes and wetlands, which is the crucial food source for waterfowl chicks, will likely result in aconsumer/resource mismatch in a future climate change perspective. Specifically, we experimentally showthat a moderate increase in temperature of 38C above ambient, expected to occur within 25–75 years, leadsto a considerably (2 weeks) earlier, and more pronounced, peak in insect emergence (Chironomus sp).Moreover, by utilizing long-term Citizen Science databases, ranging over several decades, we also showthat common waterfowl species are unable to significantly adjust their reproduction to fit futuretemperature increase. Hence, based on our data we predict a future mismatch between insect emergenceand waterfowl species basing their reproduction on temperature. This will have a profound impact onreproductive success and population dynamics of many aquatic birds, as well as on freshwaterbiodiversity.
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7.
  • Hedenas, Henrik, et al. (författare)
  • Changes Versus Homeostasis in Alpine and Sub-Alpine Vegetation Over Three Decades in the Sub-Arctic
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: Ambio. - : Springer Verlag (Germany). - 0044-7447 .- 1654-7209. ; 41, s. 187-196
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Plant species distributions are expected to shift and diversity is expected to decline as a result of global climate change, particularly in the Arctic where climate warming is amplified. We have recorded the changes in richness and abundance of vascular plants at Abisko, sub-Arctic Sweden, by re-sampling five studies consisting of seven datasets; one in the mountain birch forest and six at open sites. The oldest study was initiated in 1977–1979 and the latest in 1992. Total species number increased at all sites except for the birch forest site where richness decreased. We found no general pattern in how composition of vascular plants has changed over time. Three species, Calamagrostis lapponica, Carex vaginata and Salix reticulata, showed an overall increase in cover/frequency, while two Equisetum taxa decreased. Instead, we showed that the magnitude and direction of changes in species richness and composition differ among sites.
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8.
  • Hernroth, Bodil, 1951-, et al. (författare)
  • Impact of ocean acidification on antimicrobial activity in gills of the blue mussel (Mytilus edulis)
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Fish and Shellfish Immunology. - : Elsevier. - 1050-4648 .- 1095-9947. ; 55, s. 452-459
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Here, we aimed to investigate potential effects of ocean acidification on antimicrobial peptide (AMP) activity in the gills of Mytilus edulis, as gills are directly facing seawater and the changing pH (predicted to be reduced from ∼8.1 to ∼7.7 by 2100). The AMP activity of gill and haemocyte extracts was compared at pH 6.0, 7.7 and 8.1, with a radial diffusion assay against Escherichia coli. The activity of the gill extracts was not affected by pH, while it was significantly reduced with increasing pH in the haemocyte extracts. Gill extracts were also tested against different species of Vibrio (V. parahaemolyticus, V. tubiashii, V. splendidus, V. alginolyticus) at pH 7.7 and 8.1. The metabolic activity of the bacteria decreased by ∼65–90%, depending on species of bacteria, but was, as in the radial diffusion assay, not affected by pH. The results indicated that AMPs from gills are efficient in a broad pH-range. However, when mussels were pre-exposed for pH 7.7 for four month the gill extracts presented significantly lower inhibit of bacterial growth. A full in-depth proteome investigation of gill extracts, using LC-Orbitrap MS/MS technique, showed that among previously described AMPs from haemocytes of Mytilus, myticin A was found up-regulated in response to lipopolysaccharide, 3 h post injection. Sporadic occurrence of other immune related peptides/proteins also pointed to a rapid response (0.5–3 h p.i.). Altogether, our results indicate that the gills of blue mussels constitute an important first line defence adapted to act at the pH of seawater. The antimicrobial activity of the gills is however modulated when mussels are under the pressure of ocean acidification, which may give future advantages for invading pathogens.
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9.
  • Nilsson, Charlotta, et al. (författare)
  • Element analysis of the eutardigrades Richtersius coronifer and Milnesium cf. asiaticum using Particle Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE)
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: Journal of limnology. - : Page Press. - 1129-5767 .- 1723-8633. ; 72:s1, s. 92-101
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Semi-terrestrial tardigrades are well-known for their tolerance to a variety of environmental extremes, including desiccation, freezing and radiation. Despite several attempts to reveal the genetic and molecular mechanisms behind the resilience of tardigrades, it is still unknown how these animals are able to maintain the integrity of their cellular components under severe stress. Quantitative or qualitative changes in molecular compounds (e.g., carbohydrates, proteins) are expected, and have been the main line of research towards understanding the tolerance of tardigrades. In radiation tolerant bacteria, a tolerance mechanism based on manganese has been proposed. We evaluate this hypothesis in tardigrades and provide the first data on element composition in desiccated and non-desiccated specimens of two eutardigrade species, Richtersius coronifer and Milnesium cf. asiaticum. A focused 2 MeV proton microbeam was utilised to determine the elemental content, distributions and concentrations, using the ion beam analytical technique particle induced X-ray emission(PIXE). The presence of six elements – phosphorus, sulphur, chlorine, potassium, calcium and iron – were confirmed in all tardigrade specimens, at levels up to a few mg g–1. However, manganese was found in less than 10% of the analysed specimens, and in low amounts, thus our study provides no evidence for the manganese hypothesis. We also show that the distributions and/or concentrations of some elements differ between the two species as well as between the dehydrated and hydrated state. In particular, very low levels of iron were found in dehydrated M. cf. asiaticum. Our analysis shows that the PIXE technique is a useful tool for investigating questions on the distribution of elements both in dehydrated and hydrated tardigrades.
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10.
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