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- Almqvist, C, et al.
(författare)
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School as a risk environment for children allergic to cats and a site for transfer of cat allergen to homes
- 1999
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Ingår i: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. - : Elsevier. - 0091-6749 .- 1097-6825. ; 103:6, s. 1012-1017
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Many children are allergic to furred pets and avoid direct pet contact. The school may be a site of indirect exposure to pet allergens, which may induce or maintain symptoms of allergic diseases.OBJECTIVE: We sought to investigate airborne levels of cat allergen (Fel d 1) at schools and in homes with or without cats and to study clothes as a route for dissemination of allergens between homes and school.METHODS: Airborne cat allergen was collected with personal samplers from (1) children attending classes with many (>25%) or few (<10%) cat owners and (2) homes with or without cats. A recently developed amplified ELISA assay, which detects low levels of airborne cat allergen in pet-free environments, was used. Dust samples were collected from clothes and mattresses.RESULTS: There was a 5-fold difference in the median levels of airborne cat allergen between classes with many and few cat owners (2.94 vs 0.59 ng/m3; P <.001). The median airborne cat allergen concentration in classes with many cat owners was significantly higher than that found in the homes of non-cat owners (P <.001) but lower than that found in homes with cats (P <.001). Allergen levels in non-cat owners' clothes increased after a school day (P <.001). Non-cat owners in classes with many cat owners had higher levels of mattress-bound cat allergen (P =.01).CONCLUSION: The results indicate significant exposure to cat allergen at school. Allergen is spread through clothing from homes with cats to classrooms. There the allergen is dispersed in air and contaminates the clothes of children without cats. The allergen levels in non-cat owners' homes correlate with exposure to cat allergen at school.
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| 3. |
- Andersson, C, et al.
(författare)
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Triple specificity of ZnT8 autoantibodies in relation to HLA and other islet autoantibodies in childhood and adolescent type 1 diabetes
- 2013
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Ingår i: Pediatric Diabetes. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 1399-543X .- 1399-5448. ; 14:2, s. 97-105
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Andersson C, Vaziri-Sani F, Delli AJ, Lindblad B, Carlsson A, Forsander G, Ludvigsson J, Marcus C, Samuelsson U, Ivarsson SA, Lernmark A, Elding Larsson H, the BDD Study group. Triple specificity of ZnT8 autoantibodies in relation to HLA and other islet autoantibodies in childhood and adolescent type 1 diabetes. Pediatric Diabetes 2013: 14: 97-105. Objective To establish the diagnostic sensitivity of and the relationships between autoantibodies to all three Zinc transporter 8 (Zinc transporter 8 autoantibody to either one, two, or all three amino acid variants at position 325, ZnT8A) variants to human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DQ and to autoantibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase (GADA), insulinoma-associated protein 2 (IA-2A), and insulin (IAA). Methods We analyzed 3165 patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) in the Better Diabetes Diagnosis study for HLA-DQ genotypes and all six autoantibodies (ZnT8RA, arginine 325 Zinc transporter 8 autoantibody; ZnT8WA, tryptophan 325 Zinc transporter 8 autoantibody; ZnT8QA, glutamine 325 Zinc transporter 8 autoantibody; GADA, IA-2A, and IAA). Results ZnT8A was found in 65% of the patients and as many as 108 of 3165 (3.4%) had 13 ZnT8A alone. None had ZnT8QA alone. Together with GADA (56%), IA-2A (73%), and IAA (33%), 93% of the T1D patients were autoantibody positive. All three ZnT8A were less frequent in children below 2 yr of age (pandlt;0.0001). All three ZnT8A were associated with DQA1-B1*X-0604 (DQ6.4) and DQA1-B1*03-0302 (DQ8). ZnT8WA and ZnT8QA were negatively associated with DQA1-B1*05-02 (DQ2). Conclusions Analysis of ZnT8A increased the diagnostic sensitivity of islet autoantibodies for T1D as only 7% remained islet autoantibody negative. The association between DQ6.4 and all three ZnT8A may be related to ZnT8 antigen presentation by the DQ6.4 heterodimer.
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