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- Babic, N.C., et al.
(författare)
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InPro training environment and model based working in construction
- 2009
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Ingår i: Improving Construction and Use through Integrated Design Solutions. - Espoo : Valtion teknillinen tutkimuskeskus. Tie- ja liikennelaboratorio. - 9789513863418 ; , s. 72-86
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- InPro project is European initiative which is developing a model based and collaborative way of working in early design phase in construction. To support project goals and facilitate the industrial transformation and industrial technology take-up, the project implemented tools and developed curricula and materials for training and education of management, architects, engineers, and construction workers, as well as university students. The paper presents training environment architecture with BIM laboratory that was developed to support training on model based work practices and enhancement of hands-on skills. Development process, technical solutions and experiences are described. Content of training courses and curricula is based on experiences from live project demonstrations and use cases. The paper presents one of the answers that address the problem of insufficient skills in construction industry that prevent adoption of novel methods of working and technology.
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| 4. |
- Bennitz, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Dynamic behaviour of the Vindel River railway bridge
- 2006
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Ingår i: Condition Monitoring and Diagnostic Engineering Management. - Luleå : Luleå tekniska universitet. - 9789163188060 ; , s. 721-729
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Swedish Railway administration has launched several projects aimed at increasing the accessibility of the railway lines in northern Sweden to meet future demands. One of these lines connects the southern and northern parts of Sweden and constitutes one of the major arteries for the transportation of heavy goods. Major investment are planned to upgrade the load bearing capacity of this railway line. The work is mainly focused on the larger structures and their dynamical properties. These properties can be used to assess existing infrastructure and to evaluate the performance. Advantages are obvious since the existing structural integrity form the base for investments in structural repair and upgrade of bridges. The Vindel River Railway Bridge situated 55 kilometers northwest of Umeå came into focus when large motion was discovered during train passages. The behaviour of the bridge crossing the river of Vindeln has been measured two times. Measurements of displacements and acceleration of the bridge during train passages has been conducted, the first measurements was done to give more experience on the motion of the bridge and to try out new sensors. The second measurement gave more information about the bridge's motion, results that could be used to calibrate a 3D FE-Model of the bridge used in the study. Based on the measurements, eigenfrequencies in the range of 0 to 8 Hz could be detected, modal shapes up to the ninth order could be extracted, deflections and transverse displacements for different sets of train and different train speeds were also found. However, new measurements are planned for this summer and will hopefully reinforce the already attained result and give answers to some of the unresolved questions.
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| 5. |
- Bhattacharjee, Shimantika
(författare)
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Energy efficiency strategies for residential buildings in a subarctic climate: Impacts on energy use and indoor thermal climate
- 2023
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Adopting energy efficiency strategies in residential buildings are beneficial as these not only improve the energy performance but also improves the indoor thermal climate and minimizes the greenhouse gas emissions. There exist numerous studies on energy efficiency strategies and their influence on indoor thermal climate in residential buildings in cold climates. However, there is a lack of documented and systematic studies that explicitly investigated the selection of appropriate energy efficiency strategies and their impact on the indoor thermal climate in residential buildings in a subarctic climate. Moreover, the impact of such energy efficiency strategies on the life cycle energy use of buildings has not been given appropriate attention in the existing literature. Due to the extreme climate conditions in a subarctic climate – severe cold and dark winter with heavy snow and mild short summer – buildings require a considerable amount of heating energy to maintain a comfortable temperature indoors. Therefore, it is important to adopt energy efficiency strategies that can help obtain operational and life cycle energy savings along with a better indoor thermal climate.The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of different energy efficiency strategies on energy use and thermal indoor climate of three selected case study residential buildings in a subarctic climate. Three research questions were formulated: (1) What is the impact of evaluated energy‐efficiency strategies on the operational energy use?, (2) What is the impact of evaluated energy‐efficiency strategies on the life‐cycle energy use?, and (3) What is the impact of evaluated energy‐efficiency strategies on the thermal indoor climate? To address research questions 1 and 3, implemented energy‐efficiency strategies in two low‐energy buildings were evaluated using measured energy data and dynamic building energy and indoor climate simulations. To address research question 2, different combinations of energy efficiency strategies were explored using a multiobjective optimization method to identify optimal retrofitting solutions in terms of life cycle energy savings for a 1980s building.Results show that besides an airtight and highly insulated building envelope, a well‐functioning heating system is important to achieve low operational energy use. Findings highlight that the role of occupants is vital both in regard to the proper functioning of the heating system and to reduce the need for active heating in an airtight and highly insulated building. The occupants are also important in terms of maintaining a comfortable indoor thermal climate, especially during summer since manual airing and shading can help moderate temperatures indoors. Furthermore, findings show that applying glazed balconies is not necessarily a favorable strategy in terms of operational energy use and indoor thermal climate for a building in a subarctic climate. In comparison, using double instead of single pane balcony glazing and lowering the window to wall ratio improved the operational energy and indoor thermal climate performance. A combination of energy efficiency strategies including the addition of insulation on walls and roofs, there placement of windows from double pane to triple pane ones and the installation of heat recovery ventilation were found optimal to achieve considerable savings in both operational and life cycle energy use. In many cases, the fundamental aim of adopting energy efficiency strategies is to reduce operational energy use, while impacts on life cycle energy use and indoor thermal climate are less prioritized. The findings illustrate the importance of considering impacts on operational energy use, life cycle energy use and indoor thermal climate simultaneously to select energy efficiency strategies that ensure a better and more sustainable built environment.
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- Blokpoel, Sjoerd, et al.
(författare)
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Cooperation and product modelling systems
- 2004
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 5th European Conference of Product and Process Modelling in the Building and Construction Industry. - : Balkema Publishers, A.A. / Taylor & Francis The Netherlands. - 0415359384 ; , s. 423-430
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper deals with the introduction of product modelling in today's building process. The main potentials of these systems are facilitating open communication, configuration management, reuse of information, virtual prototyping in 4D and allowing numerous analyses on e.g. life cycle, energy use and accurate estimates of project costs. The modelling systems have prerequisites for application that are not fulfilled by the construction industry. Therefore, the potential benefits cannot be derived at the moment. Most unfulfilled prerequisites are related to the way of cooperation. New building process organisation types, like partnering, offer a better way to approach a project and a good basis to use the systems. The development of these organisation types should be integrated in the application of models because the systems could be a good tool, and maybe even an enabler. Legal issues are no roadblock for application, but need attention. The current contracts are sufficient, but need an add-on for procedures in the use of ICT. A third party should keep an encrypted logfile to ensure tracebility of changes. Model errors in exchange files can occur and cause problems. Producers of data should be responsible for the produced data and check its consistency. Middleware is needed to exchange only core model information and to allow company based ICT systems that connect through a shared modelling system. The main strength of the application is configuration management and a database with information to improve communication. The main weakness is the lack of clear, measurable benefits and costs Key Performance Indexes (KPI's). The main opportunities are current developments in partnering, which make the application of systems better possible. Main threats are the fragmentised view in the sector, both in phases, in a project and of projects by a company and the lack of good cooperation.
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| 7. |
- Bröchner, Jan, 1948, et al.
(författare)
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Construction productivity measures for innovation projects
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Construction Engineering and Management - ASCE. - 1943-7862 .- 0733-9364. ; 138:5, s. 670-677
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A 30-year retrospective analysis of resource use in a range of new construction and repair projects reveals insignificant productivity increase when applying traditional narrow measures, as shown in a case study of beam bridges. It appears as necessary to estimate hidden quality changes in both outputs and inputs. Changes in government regulations, in specifications, and the development of nonprice criteria for contract award emerge as important. Schemes for benchmarking the performance of construction projects as well as life-cycle analyses suggest that customer risk aversion and effects on customer productivity should be taken into account. The outcome is a set of measurements that can be applied to the selection of any type of proposed new construction or repair technology innovation according to their potential impact on industry productivity.
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| 9. |
- Chen, Shiwei, et al.
(författare)
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Concrete Construction : How to Explore Environmental and Economic Sustainability in Cold Climates
- 2020
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Ingår i: Sustainability. - : MDPI. - 2071-1050. ; 12:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In many cold regions around the world, such as northern China and the Nordic countries,on‐site concrete is often cured in cold weather conditions. To protect the concrete from freezing or excessively long maturation during the hardening process, contractors use curing measures. Different types of curing measures have different effects on construction duration, cost, and greenhouse gas emissions. Thus, to maximize their sustainability and financial benefits, contractors need to select the appropriate curing measures against different weather conditions. However, there is still a lack of efficient decision support tools for selecting the optimal curing measures, considering the temperature conditions and effects on construction performance. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop a Modeling‐Automation‐Decision Support (MADS) framework and tool to help contractors select curing measures to optimize performance in terms of duration, cost, and CO2 emissions under prevailing temperatures. The developed framework combines a concrete maturity analysis (CMA) tool, a discrete event simulation (DES), and a decision support module to select the best curing measures. The CMA tool calculates the duration of concrete curing needed to reach the required strength, based on the chosen curing measures and anticipated weather conditions. The DES simulates all construction activities to provide input for the CMA and uses the CMA results to evaluate construction performance. To analyze the effectiveness of the proposed framework, a software prototype was developed and tested on a case study in Sweden. The results show that the developed framework can efficiently propose solutions that significantlyreduce curing duration and CO2 emissions.
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