| 1. |
- Andersson, Sarah, et al.
(författare)
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Malmbanan Diaries
- 2010
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This booklet is a report for a case study visit during four day field trip, a group of nine PhD students and their supervisors – all part of the National Research School for Architecture and Planning in the Urban Landscape, APULA – set out to explore what may be considered the outback of Western Europe’s conurbations, the transnational region of Kiruna -Narvik.Both “remote” and “resourceful”, “threatened” and “thriving” (equally relative notions), this region seemed to offer possibilities to reflect upon many of the current tendencies influencing contemporary planning practice and research.
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| 2. |
- Athmani, Wafa, et al.
(författare)
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The Potential of Using Passive Cooling Roof Techniques to Improve Thermal Performance and Energy Efficiency of Residential Buildings in Hot Arid Regions
- 2022
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Ingår i: Buildings. - : MDPI. - 2075-5309. ; 13:1, s. 21-21
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In hot dry regions, the building envelope receives abundant solar radiation, which contributes to heat stress and indoor thermal discomfort. To mitigate overheating inside spaces, cooling is the main basic requirement during most of the year. However, due to the harsh climatic conditions, buildings fail to provide passively the required comfort conditions. Consequently, they are fully dependent on-air conditioning systems, which are huge energy consumers. As roofs are exposed to the sun throughout the daytime, they are estimated to be the main source of heat stress. In return, they can contribute significantly to achieve optimum comfort and energy savings when efficient design strategies are used in an early design stage. To examine the potential for cooling load reduction and thermal comfort enhancement by using cooling roof techniques in residential buildings, a study was performed in the city of Biskra (southern Algeria). Accordingly, an in-field measurement campaign was carried out on test-cells during five days in summer. Three different cooling roof techniques were addressed: (a) cool reflective white paint (CR), (b) white ceramic tiles (CT) and (c) a cool-ventilated roof (C-VR). These roofing alternatives were investigated by monitoring both roof surface temperatures and indoor temperatures. Comparative analysis showed that a cool-ventilated roof is the most efficient solution, reducing the average indoor temperature by 4.95 °C. A dynamic simulation study was also performed based on TRNSYS software to determine the best roofing system alternatives in terms of thermal comfort and energy consumption, considering the hottest month of the year. Simulation tests were run on a base-case model representing the common individual residential buildings in Biskra. Results showed that a double-skin roof combined with cool-reflective paint is the most efficient roofing solution. By comparison to a conventional flat roof, meaningful improvements have been achieved, including reducing thermal discomfort hours by 45.29% and lowering cooling loads from 1121.91 kWh to 741.09 kWh.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Dabaieh, Marwa, et al.
(författare)
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A comparative study of human aspects in acclimatization of adobe vernacular architecture : A case from Denmark and Egypt
- 2016
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Ingår i: A/Z ITU Journal of the Faculty of Architecture. - : ITU Press, Press of the Istanbul Techncial University. - 1302-8324. ; 13:1, s. 29-41, s. 29-41
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Today’s architecture swarms with concepts of energy and resource efficient buildings. In contrast, vernacular buildings are characterized by low-tech climatic responsive strategies and by their inhabitants’ resource and energy savings practices during construction and operation of their dwellings. That makes vernacular buildings highly relevant to resource efficiency in contemporary building research. The main focus of this study is to explore and analyse human behaviour to reach responsive and conscious resource efficient solutions in two different climatic context; in Egypt and Denmark. The aim is to suggest sustainable principles out of human conduct for contemporary resource efficient building practice. Though Danish and Egyptian climates and cultures are very different from each other some human approaches to sustainability appeared to be similar. That was evident through a comparative analytical study applying case-study methodology for two courtyard adobe dwellings; one in each country. The paper contributes to existing vernacular sustainable building studies by filling a knowledge gap on how human factors is a key parameter in acclimatization in buildings and how that can influence resource efficient building practice.
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| 5. |
- Dabaieh, Marwa, et al.
(författare)
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A comparative study of life cycle carbon emissions and embodied energy between sun-dried bricks and fired clay bricks
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Cleaner Production. - : Elsevier. - 0959-6526 .- 1879-1786. ; 275
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study presents a comparison of the life cycle carbon emission (LCCO2) and embodied energy calculation between two kinds of bricks, sun-dried and fired clay, as means of evaluating the energy and climate impact of each brick type and the economics of production. Focus is paid to the differences across the whole production chain between sun-dried clay bricks, which represent the traditional norm, and fired clay bricks, which are the most widely-used walling materials in conventional buildings. A case study was carried out in Dakhla Oasis in the Western Desert of Egypt. The results of this study show that if sun-dried bricks are used instead of fired bricks, a reduction of up to 5907 kg CO(2)e (in CO2 emissions) and 5305 MJ of embodied energy for every1000 bricks produced could be achieved. The paper concludes by offering alternative scenarios for brick-making and suggestions for improving sun-dried brick production. The methodology used in this study contributes to the development of an investigative-comparative way to assess choices between building materials. It also intends to help inform local homeowners and building practitioners not only in Egypt, but also globally, about resource depletion, energy consumption, and harmful emissions from fired industrial bricks as a common building construction material. (C) 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Dabaieh, Marwa, et al.
(författare)
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A life cycle assessment of a 'minus carbon' refugee house : global warming potential and sensitivity analysis
- 2020
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Ingår i: Archnet-IJAR. - : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 1994-6961 .- 1938-7806. ; 14:3, s. 559-579
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose - Over the last eight years, the Middle East has experienced a series of high profile conflicts which have resulted in over 5.6 million Syrians forced to migrate to neighbouring countries within the MENA (Middle East and North Africa) region or to Europe. That have exerted huge pressure on hosting countries trying to accommodate refugees in decent shelters and in quick manner. Temporary shelters normally carry a high environmental burden due to their short lifespan, and the majority are fabricated from industrialised materials. This study assesses the carbon impact for a minus carbon experimental refugee house in Sweden using life cycle assessment (LCA) as tool. SimaPro and GaBi software were used for the calculations and the ReCiPe midpoint method for impact assessment. The results show that using local plant-based materials such as straw, reeds and wood, together with clay dug from close to the construction site, can drastically reduce the carbon footprint of temporary shelters and even attain a negative carbon impact of 226.2 kg CO2 eq/m2. Based on the results of the uncertainty importance analysis, the overall global warming potential impact without and with sequestration potential are mostly sensitive to the variability of the GWP impact of wood fibre insulation. Design/methodology/approach - The methodology is designed to calculate the GWP impact of the refugee house over its entire life cycle (production, operation and maintenance and end of life). Then, the sensitivity analysis was performed to explore the impact of input uncertainties (selection of material from the database and the method) on the total GWP impact of the refugee house with and without sequestration. The ISO standards (International Standard 14040 2006; International Standard 14044 2006) divide the LCA framework into four steps of Goal and scope, inventory analysis, impact assessment, and interpretation. Findings - This study has shown an example for proof of concept for a low impact refugee house prototype using straw, reeds, clay, lime and wood as the principle raw materials for building construction. Using natural materials, especially plant-based fibres, as the main construction materials, proved to achieve a minus carbon outcome over the life cycle of the building. The GWP of the shelter house without and with sequestration are found to be 254.7 kg CO2 eq/m(2) and -226.2 kg CO2 eq/m(2), respectively. Originality/value - As there are still very few studies concerned with the environmental impact of temporary refugee housing, this study contributes to the pool of knowledge by introducing a complete LCA calculation for a physical house prototype as a proof of concept on how using low impact raw materials for construction combined with passive solutions for heating and cooling can reach a minus carbon outcome. The GWP of the shelter house without and with sequestration are found to be 254.7 kg CO2 eq/m2 and -226.2 kg CO2 eq/m2.
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| 9. |
- Dabaieh, Marwa
(författare)
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A minus carbon eco-cycle earthen refugee shelter : a feasibility study
- 2017
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Ingår i: Vernacular and Earthen Architecture: Conservation and Sustainability (SosTierra 2017, Valencia, Spain, 14-16 September 2017). - : CRC Press. ; , s. 367-372
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Forced migration due to wars and political conflicts create an urgent need for temporary shelters in hosting countries. Constructing new housing projects is not only economically burdensome but also requires a great deal of time and, most important, represents an environmental burden when the shelter reaches its end of life. This study discusses a design proposal for a 37 m² eco-cycle earthen refugee shelter that could be built with the help of seven people in 11 working days. The study has adopted an experimental, participatory and living lab meth-odology for a physical prototype as a proof of concept. The key idea of this eco-cycle shelter is to reach net mi-nus carbon emissions during material extraction, building construction, operation and after end of life. As this project is still ongoing, this paper will confine itself to discussing the project’s main idea for reducing carbon emission and will focus on the feasibility of an earthen wall structure skeleton as a minus carbon agent. The pro-totype is designed for the cold climate of Sweden but the methodology can be applied in different climates. Ben-eficiaries of this project need not be confined to refugees. It can be extended to house the majority of the world’s urban poor.
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| 10. |
- Dabaieh, Marwa, et al.
(författare)
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A vernacular approach to passive cooling for low-income populations in informal settlements in hot climates
- 2021
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Ingår i: Earthen and wood vernacular heritage and climate change. - Lund : Lunds universitet. - 9789172674462 - 9789172674479 ; , s. 84-89
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- With the rise in frequency of severe climate change events, more and more vulnerable populations are suffering from extreme heat waves. This paper explains a hands-on experimental approach to testing vernacular passive cooling strategies using traditional Shisha clay funnels for the hot and dry Egyptian climate. Several clay funnels were investigated in terms of shape, size and form. The clay funnels were measured and simulated for their efficiency in accelerating air flow inside residential units and ability to enhance the air velocity if used in combination with cross ventilation strategies. Computer Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations were conducted in ANSYS Fluent to understand the airflow behaviour inside the simulated test shoe boxes resembling living rooms - using the standard k-ε turbulence model - for single and multi-unit configurations. The results showed significant enhancement in air flow and air speed inside the test room compared to using the conventional windows. Further continuation for this study is needed for testing the thermal performance and the ability of the Shisha clay funnels to reduce indoor air temperature. The study proved that inspiration can be drawn from passive vernacular strategies to enhance thermal comfort and reduce the impact of climate change especially in hot and dry climates.
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