| 1. |
- Alanärä, Anders, et al.
(författare)
-
Utsättning av djur för jakt och fiske
- 2021
-
Bok (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- SLUs vetenskapliga råd för djurskydd har fått i uppdrag av Jordbruksverket att sammanställa aktuell forskning kring utsättning av djur för jakt och fiske samt att belysa eventuella kunskapsluckor på området. Uppdraget omfattar gräsand, rapphöna, fasan och laxfiskar. Bruket att föda upp fåglar och fiskar för utsättning i syfte att gynna jakt och fiske ifrågasätts inte sällan av etiska skäl, men den diskussionen ligger utanför fokus för denna rapport. Utsättning av fågel och fisk är en antropogen verksamhet som, till skillnad från många andra typer av mänsklig påverkan, syftar till att gynna arterna i fråga. Det kan handla om naturvårdsinsatser, att återinföra försvunna arter eller att på andra sätt berika ekosystemet, inte sällan med ökade möjligheter till jakt eller fiske som slutändamål. Ofta förbereds och åtföljs utsättningar av habitatförbättrande åtgärder som inte endast gynnar de utsatta individerna och deras artfränder, utan även har positiva konsekvenser för biologisk mångfald och ekosystemet i stort. I utarbetandet av regelverket knutet till utsättning av fågel och fisk är det viktigt att även beakta de positiva föresatserna och de konsekvenser som verksamheten kan medföra. Annars riskerar man att engagemang och incitament förloras, till men för biologisk mångfald och en rik och levande landsbygd.
|
|
| 2. |
- Alsanius, Beatrix
(författare)
-
Impact of water quality and irrigation management on organic greenhouse horticulture
- 2016
-
Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Water quality and water supply are essential for organic greenhouse grown crops to prevent soil contaminationby undesirable chemicals and microorganisms, while providing a sufficient amount of water for plant growth.The absence of natural precipitation combined with higher evapotranspiration due to higher temperatureand longer cropping period requires an adequate supply of water. Water quality is commonly defined by itschemical, physical, and biological attributes. It is closely linked to the soil/rock native components, surroundingenvironment and land use. The runoff from urban, industrial, farming, mining, and forestry activities alsosignificantly affects the quality of water available for greenhouse horticulture. High water quality is particularlyimportant in organic greenhouse production in order to prevent soil salinization and ensure optimal soil biologicalactivity. Indeed, unbalanced organic fertilizer inputs may contribute to soil salinity, while soil microbial activitiesresponsible for nutrient mineralization, soil suppressiveness and plant health, are affected by soil pH, ions, andcontaminants. Poor water quality can also result in drip and micro irrigation clogging, plant toxicity, and productcontamination by human pathogen or illicit compounds.To achieve sustainable water management, good knowledge of crops' water requirements is essential as isknowledge of the soil water characteristics that determine the irrigation scheduling. Moreover, the adequacyof the irrigation distribution system determines the accuracy of the water supplied. Crop water needs areoften determined on the basis of daily evapotranspiration and solar radiation levels. Different irrigation controltools such as soil moisture sensors, plant sensors, lysimeters and models contribute to the optimization of theirrigation management of organic greenhouse crops. In addition to determining crop productivity, water qualityand water management also impact on product quality.In this booklet we first illustrate the water flows through different organic greenhouse growing systems. Westate the importance of water quality for organic greenhouse horticulture and give some guidelines regardingthe required water quality attributes in terms of inorganic, organic and microbial loads as well as hazardousmicroorganisms and compounds. We also define advantages and disadvantages of different water resourcesand describe the important drivers for crop and soil water demand. We then report the effects of salinity on soilmineralisation and crop development in organic greenhouse production systems. The main irrigation technologyused for organic greenhouse horticulture is described along with the most important management aspects forirrigation. Because quality attributes of greenhouse products drive consumer demand for organic products, wedefine the impact of water quality and irrigation management on product quality. Organic farming should usecultural practices that maintain land resources and ecological balance, in addition to promoting biodiversity,biological cycles, and soil biological activity. We therefore state the importance of water resources and their usefor organic greenhouse system sustainability. We then conclude by summarizing main aspects of water qualityand irrigation management, and by identifying knowledge gaps.Better prediction of the temporal dynamics of plant and soil microbial water needs in relation to sustainableproductivity and high water use efficiency is needed for greenhouse horticultural crops. It is also importantin terms of reduced attractiveness to pests and susceptibility to diseases. A reduction in spatial and temporalcrop heterogeneity should result from improved growing systems and better water and crop management.Nevertheless, advances in irrigation management for conventional greenhouse crops and development of newcontrol tools can be adapted for use in organic greenhouse horticulture. Similarly, some water treatmentsof drained or collected waters such as thermal, UV, ozone and biological treatments can be used by growersaccording to their organic regulation. Consequently, research is needed in different areas of organic greenhousehorticulture: (i) water quality in terms of relevant thresholds for contaminants and potential risks related toplant and human pathogens; (ii) efficient measures to prevent clogging of the irrigation systems; (iii) alternativewater treatments and system cleaning products; (iv) better knowledge and guidelines for non-leaching systems;(v) affordable and highly efficient control tools to assist growers; and (vi) knowledge about the environmentalimpact of different water management and water sources used for organic greenhouse horticulture to helpgrowers fulfilling the organic principles and improve their sustainability.
|
|
| 3. |
- Amuakwa Mensah, Franklin
(författare)
-
Migration-Education Linkages: The case of Ghana
- 2014
-
Bok (refereegranskat)abstract
- Education and migration are very essential in affecting development outcomes since education improves the capability of the individual. Despite studies on migration in Ghana, the link between migration and education in the Ghanaian economy is unclear. This study therefore presents an empirical examination of the linkages between migration and education in Ghana. While GLSS 4 and GLSS 5 datasets were used for the descriptive analysis, the GLSS 5 dataset was used for the econometric estimations. Heckman’s two stage method was used in examining the impact of education on migration; however the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) estimation was used to find the impact of migrant remittances on education expenditure. The relationship between migration and education was also examined by using the chi-square test. The empirical results revealed that a greater proportion of internal migration in Ghana is rural-rural and urban-rural. Also, an individual’s educational attainment positively affects his/her decision to migrate. Further, it was seen that other socio-economic variables significantly affect an individual’s migration decision. Though education affects the migration decision in both urban and rural areas, its significance varies for the different stages of educational attainment. Moreover, it was found that migrant remittances positively affect educational expenditure. Based on the findings of the study it is recommended that the education system should be improved in the entire country by providing qualified teachers and studying materials, and the rural areas should be upgraded close to the standard of the urban area in order to reduce inequality in educational infrastructure. Also, a smooth functioning credit market should be created in the country to provide financial support to households which do not receive remittances to finance their educational expenditure.
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
- Andersson, Göran
(författare)
-
Advances in Farm Animal Genomic Resources
- 2016
-
Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The history of livestock started with the domestication of their wild ancestors: a restricted number of species allowed to be tamed and entered a symbiotic relationship with humans. In exchange for food, shelter and protection, they provided us with meat, eggs, hides, wool and draught power, thus contributing considerably to our economic and cultural development. Depending on the species, domestication took place in different areas and periods. After domestication, livestock spread over all inhabited regions of the earth, accompanying human migrations and becoming also trade objects. This required an adaptation to different climates and varying styles of husbandry and resulted in an enormous phenotypic diversity. Approximately 200 years ago, the situation started to change with the rise of the concept of breed. Animals were selected for the same visible characteristics, and crossing with different phenotypes was reduced. This resulted in the formation of different breeds, mostly genetically isolated from other populations. A few decades ago, selection pressure was increased again with intensive production focusing on a limited range of types and a subsequent loss of genetic diversity. For short-term economic reasons, farmers have abandoned traditional breeds. As a consequence, during the 20th century, at least 28% of farm animal breeds became extinct, rare or endangered. The situation is alarming in developing countries, where native breeds adapted to local environments and diseases are being replaced by industrial breeds. In the most marginal areas, farm animals are considered to be essential for viable land use and, in the developing world, a major pathway out of poverty. Historic documentation from the period before the breed formation is scarce. Thus, reconstruction of the history of livestock populations depends on archaeological, archeo-zoological and DNA analysis of extant populations. Scientific research into genetic diversity takes advantage of the rapid advances in molecular genetics. Studies of mitochondrial DNA, microsatellite DNA profiling and Y-chromosomes have revealed details on the process of domestication, on the diversity retained by breeds and on relationships between breeds. However, we only see a small part of the genetic information and the advent of new technologies is most timely in order to answer many essential questions. High-throughput single-nucleotide polymorphism genotyping is about to be available for all major farm animal species. The recent development of sequencing techniques calls for new methods of data management and analysis and for new ideas for the extraction of information. To make sense of this information in practical conditions, integration of geo-environmental and socio-economic data are key elements. The study and management of farm animal genomic resources (FAnGR) is indeed a major multidisciplinary issue. The goal of the present Research Topic was to collect contributions of high scientific quality relevant to biodiversity management, and applying new methods to either new genomic and bioinformatics approaches for characterization of FAnGR, to the development of FAnGR conservation methods applied ex-situ and in-situ, to socio-economic aspects of FAnGR conservation, to transfer of lessons between wildlife and livestock biodiversity conservation, and to the contribution of FAnGR to a transition in agriculture (FAnGR and agro-ecology).
|
|
| 6. |
|
|
| 7. |
- Appelgren, Lars-Erik
(författare)
-
Boskapsapoteket : fanns det bot för sot?
- 2016
-
Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Boskapsapoteket är en del av Veterinärmuseet i Skara. Där finns unika samlingar av s.k. ståndkärl från sent 1700-tal bevarade. Författaren identifierar de starkt förkortade beteckning- arna på flera av dessa kärl och beskriver egenskaperna hos de olika läkemedlen. Med hjälp av Peter Hernquists bevarade handskrifter skildras den dåtida användningen i framför allt veterinärmedicinen men också i humanmedicinen. Författaren undersöker om några av de dro- ger som Hernquist rekommenderade kunde tänkas ha haft någon effekt på de olika sjukdomar som beskrivs.
|
|
| 8. |
- Appelgren, Lars-Erik
(författare)
-
Julens växter, smaker & dofter : medicinhistoriska och kulturella funderingar
- 2022
-
Bok (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Glögg, julstjärna, saffran och kryddnejlikor. Bland mycket annat självklara inslag i vårt julfirande. Men varifrån kommer dessa kryddor och växter? Och på vilket sätt ingår de i våra traditioner? Myrra var till exempel en gång i tiden ett mytomspunnet läkemedel. Pomerans hjälpte magen när den var i olag, grankåda kunde användas som sårsalva och misteln var inte bara något man kysstes under. Lars-Erik Appelgren, professor emeritus vid Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet har skrivit en lustfylld kulturell och medicinhistorisk resa från början av våra urgamla jultraditioner fram till modern tid. Fylld av fakta och fiktion, historiska citat, roliga anekdoter och många härliga recept.
|
|
| 9. |
- Appelgren, Lars-Erik
(författare)
-
”Lärda nyheter” i Peter Hernquists korrespondens till Carl von Linné och Abraham Bäck - med kommentarer och utvikningar
- 2020
-
Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I detta Meddelande nr 55 från Veterinärhistoriska museet har författaren - professor emeritus Lars-Erik Appelgren - gjort ett urval av den korrespondens som Peter Hernquist hade med sina mentorer Carl von Linné och Abraham Bäck under sin vistelse i Frankrike, varvid ”Lärda nyheter” varit en ledstjärna för urvalet. Speciellt har breven till Bäck försetts med författarens personliga kommentarer men även kompletterats med faktaupplysningar från andra källor än breven om berörda nyheter. För att underlätta läsningen har dessa kommentarer omgetts med enkelkonturerad och utvikningarna med dubbelkonturerad ram. Lars-Erik Appelgren har inte bara genom sitt veterinärhistoriska författarskap utan också genom att ställa sina fackliga kunskaper och sin eminenta estetiska läggning till förfogande gjort Veterinärhistoriska museet ovärderliga tjänster. Det är med stor glädje jag noterar att region Uppsala nyligen visat sin uppskattning genom att tilldela Lars-Erik sitt Medicinhistoriska stipendium med motiveringen att de vill ”lyfta fram ett viktigt men ofta förbisett område inom medicinhistorien: veterinärmedicinen”. Med de varmaste gratulationer!
|
|
| 10. |
|
|
