| 1. |
- Abugabbara, Marwan, et al.
(författare)
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How to develop fifth-generation district heating and cooling in Sweden? : Application review and best practices proposed by middle agents
- 2023
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Ingår i: Energy Reports. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 2352-4847. ; 9, s. 4971-4983
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sweden has an ambitious plan to fully decarbonise district heating by 2030 and to contribute with negative emissions of greenhouse gases in 2050. The vagaries of the energy market associated with climate, political, and social changes entail cross-sectoral integration that can fulfill these national targets. Fifth-generation district heating and cooling (5GDHC) is a relatively new concept of district energy systems that features a simultaneous supply of heating and cooling using power-to-heat technologies. This paper presents best practices for developing 5GDHC systems in Sweden to reach a consensus view on these systems among all stakeholders. A mixed-method combining best practice and roadmapping workshops has been used to disseminate mixed knowledge and experience from middle agents representing industry professionals and practitioners. Four successful implementations of 5GDHC systems are demonstrated and the important learned lessons are shared. The best practices are outlined for system planning, system modeling and simulation, prevailing business models for energy communities, and system monitoring. A roadmap from the middle agents’ point of view is composed and can be utilised to establish industry standards and common regulatory frameworks. © 2023 The Author(s)
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| 2. |
- Aliasgari, Mahdis, associate professor, et al.
(författare)
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Baby steps or stage dive into a critical design dialogue
- 2017
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Ingår i: IxD&A. - 1826-9745 .- 2283-2998. ; :32, s. 38-47
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper puts forward the early, practical actions “in context” that can begin to sensitize, orient, expand, and constrain design dialogue at the outset of a design effort. Drawing on a case of “breaching experiments” in “non-places” we explore a “first approximation” of interventionist participation into the context of future interactive & responsive design interventions. By introducing a design journey, we have shed a light on how a human-centric approach, applied to the context of Human Building Interaction (HBI), can support an interventionist design dialogue between people and designed environment through processes of stirring up what’s beyond ‘norms’ of interaction.
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| 3. |
- Allgardsson, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Structure of a prereaction complex between the nerve agent sarin, its biological target acetylcholinesterase, and the antidote HI-6
- 2016
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 113:20, s. 5514-5519
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Organophosphorus nerve agents interfere with cholinergic signaling by covalently binding to the active site of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE). This inhibition causes an accumulation of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, potentially leading to overstimulation of the nervous system and death. Current treatments include the use of antidotes that promote the release of functional AChE by an unknown reactivation mechanism. We have used diffusion trap cryocrystallography and density functional theory (DFT) calculations to determine and analyze prereaction conformers of the nerve agent antidote HI-6 in complex with Mus musculus AChE covalently inhibited by the nerve agent sarin. These analyses reveal previously unknown conformations of the system and suggest that the cleavage of the covalent enzyme-sarin bond is preceded by a conformational change in the sarin adduct itself. Together with data from the reactivation kinetics, this alternate conformation suggests a key interaction between Glu202 and the O-isopropyl moiety of sarin. Moreover, solvent kinetic isotope effect experiments using deuterium oxide reveal that the reactivation mechanism features an isotope-sensitive step. These findings provide insights into the reactivation mechanism and provide a starting point for the development of improved antidotes. The work also illustrates how DFT calculations can guide the interpretation, analysis, and validation of crystallographic data for challenging reactive systems with complex conformational dynamics.
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| 4. |
- Alriksson, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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Cellulase production from spent lignocellulose hydrolysates by recombinant aspergillus niger
- 2009
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Ingår i: Applied and Environmental Microbiology. - : American Society for Microbiology. - 0099-2240 .- 1098-5336. ; 75:8, s. 2366-2374
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A recombinant Aspergillus niger strain expressing the Hypocrea jecorina endoglucanase Cel7B was grown on spent hydrolysates (stillage) from sugarcane bagasse and spruce wood. The spent hydrolysates served as excellent growth media for the Cel7B-producing strain, A. niger D15[egI], which displayed higher endoglucanase activities in the spent hydrolysates than in standard medium with a comparable monosaccharide content (e.g., 2,100 nkat/ml in spent bagasse hydrolysate compared to 480 nkat/ml in standard glucose-based medium). In addition, A. niger D15[egI] was also able to consume or convert other lignocellulose-derived compounds, such as acetic acid, furan aldehydes, and phenolic compounds, which are recognized as inhibitors of yeast during ethanolic fermentation. The results indicate that enzymes can be produced from the stillage stream as a high-value coproduct in secondgeneration bioethanol plants in a way that also facilitates recirculation of process water.
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| 5. |
- Alriksson, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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Improving the fermentability of enzymatic hydrolysates of lignocellulose through chemical in-situ detoxification with reducing agents
- 2011
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Ingår i: Bioresource Technology. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 0960-8524 .- 1873-2976. ; 102:2, s. 1254-1263
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Inhibitory lignocellulose hydrolysates were treated with the reducing agents dithionite and sulfite to achieve improved fermentability. Addition of these reducing agents (in the concentration range 5.0-17.5mM) to enzymatic hydrolysates of spruce wood or sugarcane bagasse improved processes based on both SHF (simultaneous hydrolysis and fermentation) and SSF (simultaneous saccharification and fermentation). The approach was exemplified in ethanolic fermentations with Saccharomyces cerevisiae and by using hydrolysates with sugar concentrations >100g/L (for SHF) and with 10% dry-matter content (for SSF). In the SHF experiments, treatments with dithionite raised the ethanol productivities of the spruce hydrolysate from 0.2 to 2.5g×L(-1)×h(-1) and of the bagasse hydrolysate from 0.9 to 3.9g×L(-1)×h(-1), values even higher than those of fermentations with reference sugar solutions without inhibitors. Benefits of the approach include that the addition of the reducing agent can be made in-situ directly in the fermentation vessel, that the treatment can be performed at a temperature and pH suitable for fermentation, and that the treatment results in dramatically improved fermentability without degradation of fermentable sugars. The many benefits and the simplicity of the approach offer a new way to achieve more efficient manufacture of fermentation products from lignocellulose hydrolysates.
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| 6. |
- Andersson, Johnn, et al.
(författare)
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Socio-techno-ecological transition dynamics in the re-territorialization of food production : the case of wild berries in Sweden
- 2024
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Ingår i: Sustainability Science. - : Springer. - 1862-4065 .- 1862-4057.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent geopolitical and economic crises underline the need for a European transition towards a more sustainable food system. Scholars and policymakers have called for a re-territorialization of food production to strike a better balance between local, regional and global value chains. This paper explores the role of re-territorialization through an analysis of the emergence, development and current transformation of the Swedish wild berry value chain. The analysis combines the multi-level perspective on sustainability transitions with a socio-techno-ecological system approach and draws on interviews, informal conversations, participant observations and a range of secondary sources. The resulting case narrative shows how processes of de-territorialization may result in regimes that fail to address sustainability potential and problems. It also highlights that processes of re-territorialization challenge established regimes by promoting niches that represent different, albeit complementary, value chain configurations. Apart from a rich empirical narrative that brings useful knowledge to stakeholders to the Swedish wild berry value chain, the paper contributes to the theoretical understanding re-territorialization, shows how the ecological dimension can be accounted for with the multi-level perspective on sustainability transitions and presents a number of general policy implications.
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| 7. |
- Andersson, Sofi A., 1970, et al.
(författare)
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Arm impairment and walking speed explain real-life activity of the affected Arm and leg after stroke
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine. - : Foundation for Rehabilitation Information. - 1650-1977 .- 1651-2081. ; 53:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To determine to what extent accelerometer-based arm, leg and trunk activity is associated with sensorimotor impairments, walking capacity and other factors in subacute stroke. Design: Cross-sectional study. Patients: Twenty-six individuals with stroke (mean age 55.4 years, severe to mild motor impairment). Methods: Data on daytime activity were collected over a period of 4 days from accelerometers placed on the wrists, ankles and trunk. A forward stepwise linear regression was used to determine associations between free-living activity, clinical and demographic variables. Results: Arm motor impairment (Fugl-Meyer Assessment) and walking speed explained more than 60% of the variance in daytime activity of the more-affected arm, while walking speed alone explained 60% of the more-affected leg activity. Activity of the less-affected arm and leg was associated with arm motor impairment (R2=0.40) and independence in walking (R2=0.59). Arm activity ratio was associated with arm impairment (R2=0.63) and leg activity ratio with leg impairment (R2=0.38) and walking speed (R2=0.27). Walking-related variables explained approximately 30% of the variance in trunk activity. Conclusion: Accelerometer-based free-living activity is dependent on motor impairment and walking capacity. The most relevant activity data were obtained from more-affected limbs. Motor impairment and walking speed can provide some information about real-life daytime activity levels.
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| 8. |
- Andersson Trojer, Markus, et al.
(författare)
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Use of anchoring amphiphilic diblock copolymers for encapsulation of hydrophilic actives in polymeric microcapsules : methodology and encapsulation efficiency
- 2019
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Ingår i: Colloid and Polymer Science. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0303-402X .- 1435-1536. ; 297:2, s. 307-313
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aqueous core-shell particles based on polystyrene, poly(methyl methacrylate) or polycaprolactone have been formulated using a facile double emulsion-based solvent evaporation method. The size distribution is narrow, and the morphology control is remarkable given the simple characteristics of the encapsulation method. The inner droplets are stabilized by oil-soluble poly(ethylene oxide)-based block copolymers which are anchored in the polymeric shell by using hydrophobic blocks of the same type as that of the shell-forming polymer. This facilitates the efficient encapsulation of dyes and hydrophilic biocides. [Figure not available: see fulltext.].
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| 9. |
- Arvidsson, H., et al.
(författare)
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Easily Applicable Methods for Measuring the Mental Load on Tractor Operators
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Agricultural Safety and Health. - : American Society of Agricultural & Biological Engineers. - 1074-7583 .- 1943-7846. ; 26:1, s. 5-14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Agriculture technology is moving toward automation, placing operators in a supervisory role. This change in operator workload may lead to increased stress and higher mental load, resulting in reduced attention and hence greater risk of illness or injury to humans and damage to equipment. This study investigated the use of easily applicable equipment to measure mental load. Three methods were used to measure the mental load on machine operators: heart rate monitoring, two types of electroencephalograph (EEG) evaluation, and an assessment protocol. Three driving exercises (general driving, slalom driving, and loading) and a counting exercise were used in a driving simulator to create different levels of mental load. Due to the number of exercises, a single-scale assessment protocol was used to save time. We found that only the assessment protocol gave clear results and would work well as an evaluation tool. The heart rate and EEG measurements did not provide clear data for mental load assessment.
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| 10. |
- Aulin, Christian, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Wetting kinetics of oil mixtures on fluorinated model cellulose surfaces
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Colloid and Interface Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0021-9797 .- 1095-7103. ; 317:2, s. 556-567
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The wetting of two different model cellulose surfaces has been studied; a regenerated cellulose (RG) surface prepared by spin-coating, and a novel multilayer film of poly(ethyleneimine) and a carboxymethylated microfibrillated cellulose (MFC). The cellulose films were characterized in detail using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). AFM indicates smooth and continuous films on a nanometer scale and the RMS roughness of the RG cellulose and MFC surfaces was determined to be 3 and 6 nm, respectively. The cellulose films were modified by coating with various amounts of an anionic fluorosurfactant, perfluorooctadecanoic acid, or covalently modified with pentadecafluorooctanyl chloride. The fluorinated cellulose films were used to follow the spreading mechanisms of three different oil mixtures. The viscosity and surface tension of the oils were found to be essential parameters governing the spreading kinetics on these surfaces. XPS and dispersive surface energy measurements were made on the cellulose films coated with perfluorooctadecanoic acid. A strong correlation was found between the surface concentration of fluorine, the dispersive surface energy and the contact angle of castor oil on the surface. A dispersive surface energy less than 18 mN/m was required in order for the cellulose surface to be non-wetting (Ξe > 90 °) by castor oil.
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