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| 2. |
- Borna-Ahlkvist, Hélène
(författare)
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Hällristarnas hem - Gårdsbebyggelse och struktur i Pryssgården under bronsålder
- 2002
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The purpose of this thesis is an attempt to comprehend the society and the ideology of the Bronze Age from the inherent symbolism, shape and structure of buildings. In every society, the smallest social unit is the household. The house and the household are central in the lives of people. They made their choices to organize their existence in a symbiotic cooperation with the general cosmology and ideology. Houses and settlements can, just as graves and cemeteries, be used in the interpretation of values, imaginary worlds and structures of different societies. My work is founded on a microanalysis of the large settlement at Pryssgården. Pryssgården is one of the largest prehistoric settlements known in Sweden. It was discovered during the rerouting of the E4 as a motorway outside Norrköping. Here people have lived and worked for at least 4,000 years; from the end of the Stone Age until today. The archaeological results of this excavation show an extensive settlement, centered on the Late Bronze Age and Early Iron Age. Östergötland is an area peripheral to the central areas of the south Scandinavian Bronze Age culture. An important source of inspiration for my thesis is Gerritsen's model "The cultural biography of houses". In this model he connects the life-cycle of houses to that of households. The shapes of houses in the settlement have varied considerably during the Bronze Age. We have been able to identify 21 long-houses and 12 smaller houses, as well as 2 remains of huts, dated to the Bronze Age. The long-houses have varied in size, a variation that seems to be socially conditioned rather than chronological. At Pryssgården, the farm has been both a social unit and a production unit. The people identified themselves with their farm, which gave them a certain social position. With an agrarian population, it has been of importance to show ones identification with a certain area. In this way one obtained different rights in the society. Traditions would be important, with fertility cults and worship of ancestors as integral parts in the everyday life of people, in order to secure subsistence from the land and the future of the farm. In my comparative analysis with the settlements in Apalle and Fosie, the existence of stable farm structures is clearly shown. In settlement archaeology, these changes in the use of the physical space are otherwise referred to the Early Iron Age. People and domestic animals lived in the Bronze Age landscape. The farming of the land, the ancestors and the supernatural were closely knitted in a complex cosmology. During the Late Bronze Age a condensed and stable farm construction existed. The ancestral cult and the fertility cult were integral parts of everyday life, a way of creating a sense of belonging and continuity to a certain area. During the Bronze Age the individual was placed in the centre - it may well be that people had a more private relationship with the land they farmed.
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- Lindblad, Jakob, 1964-
(författare)
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470 nya kyrkor : Bidrag till Sveriges arkitekturhistoria 1850-1890
- 2009
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The present study critically examines the zealous building of 470 new parish churches in Sweden in 1850–1890; mainly replacing older churches in Västergötland, Småland and Scania; mainly new sites in Norrland. The primary source material is the church itself, meticulously examined in the fi eld and from archives, comparative analysis, the systemati-sation of formal elements and interpretation of architectural expression, characterisation of locations, plans, interiors and exteriors. The roles of initiators, architects, state/church authorities and building entrepreneurs are scrutinized as also liturgical demands, practical matters and the effects of growing populations and increased industrialisation leading to larger congregations, innovative building materials and new fashions. The results are extensively substantiated by analytical drawings, photographs, maps and tables of collated data, all new and by the author; fully availing of his training as architect, art-historian and Sockenkyrkoprojektet researcher. 18 churches are detailed in a representative sample. The parish church is its own art-historical genre. Each church is the sum of its parts interacting with its environs. When formal elements reoccur this refl ects practical solutions not always apparent from the written sources. A divergence between theory and practice is emphasised. Conforming rules, offi cial vetting and reuse of old drawings by the architects of Överintendentsämbetet were countered by master builders who deviated from approved designs, inspired by neighbouring churches. A spirit of architectural freedom fl ourished, encouraging creativity and novel architectural motifs. Traditional stylistic terminology is not applicable to these parish churches. Historical associations may have been sought, but were subsidiary to other demands of the building process. Individual architects and joint building ventures are identifi ed. Three ideals are isolated, variously utilizing form, light and height with a fashionable emphasis on spaciousness, the sacral and propriety. Today, increased secularisation and falling rural populations make these over-large churches an endangered cultural heritage.
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- Lindgren, Christina, 1959-
(författare)
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Människor och kvarts : sociala och teknologiska strategier under mesolitikum i östra Mellansverige
- 2004
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis deals with the social dimension in lithic technology during the Mesoltihic in eastern central Sweden. The starting point is the empirical observation of the disappearing bipolar-on-anvil method of reduction around 4500 BC. This method of reduction is often used on quartz and it is the dominant method of reduction at Stone Age sites dated to the period before 4500 BC. It subsequently almost disappears without any sign of technological innovation at the time. Several other changes in the Mesolithic society occur at this time; the large aggregation sites disappear and contact with other areas changes. All this points to that the technological change is only one indication of more profound changes in the organisation and structuring of the society at this time. By looking at technology as a practice, it can be related to the social communications and negotiations that occur between different people. Tool making is seen as an arena where people of different gender and age are engaged. Lithic technology has a strong performative character that is an important part in the constant communications of social identities. This performative character is expressed at the knapping floors. The knapping floors are analyzed spatially and with a fracture analysis. The method of fracture analysis is developed as a result of experimental knapping. The result of the analysis of knapping floors from seven Mesolithic sites indicate that there is a contradiction between on the one hand organizing tool production in different strategies, as a result of different social groups being engaged in the making of quartz tools, and on the other hand, the spatially structuration of knapping floors where all stone working is located in one place. This contradiction is seen as an example of the duality of action and structure. By spatially organising the knapping floors as places where people met, they were given a purpose as a levelling device in an egalitarian structure. The disappearance of the bipolar-on-anvil method of reduction around 4500 BC is only a small symbol of more profound changes in the social structure in the Mesolithic society, changes in the way people percieved their world and themselves.
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| 6. |
- Petersson, Maria, 1954-
(författare)
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Djurhållning och betesdrift : Djur, människor och landskap i västra Östergötland under yngre bronsålder och äldre järnålder
- 2006
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis focuses on animal husbandry and organised grazing in western Östergötland during the Late Bronze Age and Early Iron Age. The primary aim is to investigate how animal husbandry was organised from a practical perspective. The thesis consists of a series of analyses of different source-material groups that illuminate various aspects of prehistoric animal husbandry. Only a small number of the archaeologically investigated three-aisled longhouses had a byre area. The livestock were mainly kept outdoors, in winter as well as in summer. The animal bones from settlements show that more beef was consumed and more horses were found at high-status settlements than at those of lower status. From the period 1000 BC–BC there are isolated hearths and hearth groups in central Östergötland that previously could not be connected to a specific archaeological context. In the author’s opinion, these sites represent bases in a system of well-organised grazing. It was here that shepherds and animals rested, ate and drank, and probably also overnighted. Many of the sites were used repeatedly during the entire period in question. In this landscape there are stone fence systems which show a strong connection to the settlement structure formed during the Late Iron Age, and parts of the systems seem to be medieval. They may also have elements from the Early Iron Age. The distribution of graves from the Late Bronze Age and Early Iron Age coincides with the stone fence systems. A special type of site that has one or two graves, with particular kinds of superstructures, is linked to these areas. In historical time these areas comprised the central production grounds for animal husbandry, and it seems that the areas functioned as central grazing grounds as far back as the Late Bronze Age.
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| 8. |
- Söderberg, Bengt
(författare)
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Aristokratiskt rum och gränsöverskridande. Järrestad och sydöstra Skåne mellan region och rike 600-1100
- 2005
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This dissertation focuses on the second wave of central places in south Scandinavia, emerging during the prolonged 7th century. The point of departure is a case study of an aristocratic setting in Järrestad, situated in the southernmost part of Sweden. Two problem complexes are tackled: 1. The interpretation of the pre-Christian aristocratic settings. The aim is to investigate the staging of rulership ideologies in the hall-setting and the surrounding landscape, and in what ways they related to different social actors. Järrestad is compared with similar settings in south-east Scandinavia in order to discuss the formation of an aristocracy, their means of organizing in networks at interregional level, and how Järrestad may fit into this scheme. 2. The tension between the interregional and the regional. The aim is to examine expressions of interaction between the interregional aristocracy and the populations of south-east Scania. The region is defined by a distinct tradition of death rituals. Data concerning the natural and cultural landscape, communication, settlement districts and settlement pattern are discussed in order to broaden the analysis. The hall-setting is discussed in terms of border-crossing, cosmology and materialized ideology, and described as the central institution for the political economy within a settlement district, and the manor of a domain. By analyzing sequences of halls two concepts of rulership ideology are singled out. A traditional spatial layout corresponds with local or regional lordship, and a layout introduced in south-east Scandinavia during the 7th century is connected to royal power, exercised through overlordship. At regional level the ritual tradition were practiced by the populations of several settlement districts, characterized by small-scale power structures and a less pronounced level of centralization, thus stressing the importance of the collective tradition. Constructing and maintaining a communal identity through collective ritual practice may be viewed as a strategy in order to define the frameworks for interaction and dominance from outside, exemplified by the overlordship manifested in Järrestad.
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