| 1. |
- Abebe, Henok Girma, 1988-, et al.
(författare)
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Arguments against Vision Zero: A Literature Review
- 2022. - 1
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Ingår i: The Vision Zero Handbook. - Switzerland : Springer Nature. ; , s. 107-149
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Despite Vision Zero’s moral appeal and its expansion throughout the world, it has been criticized on different grounds. This chapter is based on an extensive literature search for criticism of Vision Zero, using the bibliographic databases Philosopher’s Index, Web of Science, Science Direct, Scopus, Google Scholar, PubMed, and Phil Papers, and by following the references in the collected documents. Even if the primary emphasis was on Vision Zero in road traffic, our search also included documents criticizing Vision Zero policies in other safety areas, such as public health, the construction and mining industries, and workplaces in general. Based on the findings, we identify and systematically characterize and classify the major arguments that have been put forward against Vision Zero. The most important arguments against Vision Zero can be divided into three major categories: moral arguments, arguments concerning the (goalsetting) rationality of Vision Zero, and arguments aimed at the practical implementation of the goals. We also assess the arguments. Of the thirteen identified main arguments, six were found to be useful for a constructive discussion on safety improvements.
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| 2. |
- Björnberg, Karin Edvardsson, et al.
(författare)
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Preface
- 2022
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Ingår i: The Vision Zero Handbook: Theory, Technology and Management for a Zero Casualty Policy. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. ; , s. v-vi
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Globally, about 1.3 million people die every year in road traffic crashes and about 50 million are injured. For long, the death toll on roads was considered to be a necessary price that we have to pay for our mobility and development. But beginning in the late 1990s, an alternative approach to road safety has become more and more influential. The Vision Zero movement declares that every severe crash in road traffic is an avoidable failure and that no other goal is satisfactory than zero fatalities and serious injuries. This is by no means a new idea. Similar views have been expressed in many other areas of safety management. Safety work based on the idea that every accident is one too much can be found in workplace safety, fire safety, aviation, suicide prevention, patient safety, infection control, and many other areas. Zero goals are also gaining traction in environmental protection and sustainable development work. Terms such as zero waste, zero emissions, zero carbon, and zero poverty have become increasingly important in climate and environmental policies. Detractors claim that Vision Zero is too stringent and therefore also unrealistic. But practical experience has shown again and again that the Vision Zero approach can efficiently reduce the number of deaths and serious injuries. Of course, it is not enough to set up Vision Zero as a goal. Its effects materialize when it is systematically applied, and every serious accident is treated as a failure that must not be repeated. This handbook is the first comprehensive collection of knowledge and experience of Vision Zero. Its contributing authors are experts from all around the world, representing a wide range of academic disciplines and an equally wide range of specializations in practical safety management.
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| 3. |
- de Vries, Marc J., et al.
(författare)
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Preface
- 2013
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Ingår i: Norms in Technology. - : Springer Nature. ; , s. v-
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 4. |
- Dida, Mulatu Geleta, et al.
(författare)
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Domestication of Lepidium campestre as part of Mistra Biotech, a research programme focused on agro biotechnology for sustainable food
- 2014
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Ingår i: Perennial Crops for Food Security Proceedings of the FAO Expert Workshop. - 9789251079980 - 9789251079997 ; , s. 141-147
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Several important challenges are facing agriculture . In the stride towards lowering the negative environmental impact of food production while maint aining and increasing the production, both basic farming practices and novel technologies are important tools. The use of biotechnology in breeding, however, is not uncontroversial. The crit icism has many angles and often relates to the applications brought forward by large, multinationa l companies, and farmers growing dependence on these companies when it comes to seeds. Question s are being raised about ethical acceptability, and about the health and environmental impacts. A g eneral aversion to what is often referred to as the “industrialization” of agriculture, and t o “unnaturalness”, also emerges in the debate. In the research programme referred to as Mistra Biotech , we include both philosophy and natural and social sciences. The overall goal is to facilitate production systems that are sustainable from ecological, social and economic perspectives. The objectives of the programme include developing: * new elite plant lines that have benefits for consumers, farmers, the food industry and the environment; * agribiotechnology tools that are important for achieving new product qualities, healthier crops and livestock, and for solving environmental problems in agriculture; * basis for sustainable production systems that contribute to increased competitiveness in Swedish agriculture and food production; * tools for ethical scrutiny of agricultural biotechnology that combine high demands on safety with encouragement of innovations; * basis for improved regulatory approaches and private-public relationships. The programme includes six component projects, in which domestication of a new biennial oilseed crop Lepidium campestre (field cress) is a major research focus. Questions we will try to answer within this programme include: Can biotechnology be used to improve crops which mitigate climate change or benefit the environment? What potential is there to commercialize such a crop? How would the consumers react to products made from it? Can breeding technology be improved further? Why does the market for genetically improved plant and animal materials look the way it does? What ethical concerns does the use of biotechnology raise? And how do all these issues feed into future agricultural systems? The results are integrated in the synthesis project called the Centre for Agriculture and Food Systems Analysis and Synthesis (AgriSA). Here we emphasise the research within Component Project1, with a focus on the domestication of field cress.
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| 5. |
- Doorn, N., et al.
(författare)
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Design for the value of safety
- 2015
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Ingår i: Handbook of Ethics, Values, and Technological Design. - Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands. - 9789400769700 ; , s. 491-511
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Two major methods for achieving safety in engineering design are compared: safety engineering and probabilistic risk analysis. Safety engineering employs simple design principles or rules of thumb such as inherent safety, multiple barriers, and numerical safety margins to reduce the risk of accidents. Probabilistic risk analysis combines the probabilities of individual events in event chains leading to accidents in order to identify design elements in need of improvement and often also to optimize the use of resources. It is proposed that the two methodologies should be seen as complementary rather than as competitors. Probabilistic risk analysis is at its advantage when meaningful probability estimates are available for most of the major events that may contribute to an accident. Safety engineering principles are more suitable to deal with uncertainties that defy quantification. In many design tasks, the combined use of both methodologies is preferable.
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| 6. |
- Edvardsson Björnberg, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Förord
- 2006
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Ingår i: Vägar till ett effektivt miljöarbete. - Umeå : Boréa Bokförlag. - 9189140478
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 7. |
- Edvardsson Björnberg, Karin, Docent, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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Preface
- 2022
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Ingår i: The Vision Zero Handbook. - : Springer Nature.
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Grüne-Yanoff, Till, et al.
(författare)
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Preference Change : An Introduction
- 2009
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Ingår i: Preference Change. - Dordrecht : Springer. - 9789048125937
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 10. |
- Grüne-Yanoff, Till, et al.
(författare)
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Preferences
- 2006
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Ingår i: The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. - Stanford : The Metaphysics Research Lab.
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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