| 1. |
- Löf, Annette, et al.
(author)
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Governing maximum reindeer numbers in Fennoscandia
- 2022
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In: Reindeer Husbandry and Global Environmental Change : Pastoralism in Fennoscandia. - London : Routledge. - 9780367632670 ; , s. 173-188
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This chapter examines the complexities and challenges in state governance of the maximum permitted number of reindeer in Finland, Norway and Sweden. The common findings regarding the three countries are that (1) maximum permitted numbers of reindeer set by the nation states primarily seem to promote objectives other than those of herders; (2) various contextual aspects (e.g., laws, other land users, trends in science, herding practices and historical developments) partly explain the sustainable maximum permitted numbers; (3) reductionist assessments of pasture – reindeer relations easily neglect the impacts of other land users on condition and availability of pastures, thereby making the assessments biased and stigmatizing herders for alleged overgrazing. The chapter also explores issues related to reindeer numbers that vary across the three countries including (4) herders’ opportunities to participate in knowledge production and resulting decisions over maximum reindeer numbers, (5) clashes between herders’ experience and practice-based knowledge and scientific knowledge on which the definitions of maximum numbers are often based and (6) the ways in which the borders between reindeer herding districts and nation states have implications for the governance of reindeer numbers.
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| 2. |
- Skarin, Anna, et al.
(author)
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Reindeer behavioural ecology and use of pastures in pastoral livelihoods
- 2022
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In: Reindeer Husbandry and Global Environmental Change : Pastoralism in Fennoscandia. - London : Routledge. - 9780367632670 ; , s. 63-75
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Reindeer pastoralists have, for centuries, followed free-roaming animals throughout the Eurasian Arctic. The closing of national borders about a century ago forced the reindeer pastoralists to adapt to new conditions. Today, environmental conditions are changing rapidly with climate and land use change. Local history, migration and pasture use strategies of reindeer herding, and also the biogeography of grazing grounds during summer and winter, differ considerably between the countries. These differences also affect interactions with other forms of land use. Coexistence between reindeer husbandry and other interests requires an understanding of the differing preconditions in the natural environment. The main scope of this chapter is reindeer forage selection and adaptation to the arctic environment, as well as the use of pastures by reindeer and for reindeer husbandry and what affects their use during different seasons.
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| 3. |
- Wiklund, Eva, et al.
(author)
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Meat quality and meat hygiene
- 2019
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In: Reindeer and Caribou : Health and Disease. - 9781482250688 ; , s. 353-382
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Åhman, Birgitta
(author)
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Health and diseases of semi-domesticated reindeer in a climate change perspective
- 2022
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In: Reindeer Husbandry and Global Environmental Change : Pastoralism in Fennoscandia. - London : Routledge. - 9780367632670 ; , s. 249-262
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Climate change may affect reindeer herding and the health and disease of reindeer in several ways. One way of mitigating such changes is supplementary feeding, both in corrals and by bringing fodder to the animals on natural pastures. Feeding, when the right feed and feeding regime are used, may compensate for the loss of natural pastures and increase animal welfare. However, feeding may also cause issues with health and disease. These challenges may be associated with the feed and feeding regimes themselves, but also indirectly, by creating increased animal-to-animal contact and through the difficulty of maintaining hygienic conditions in corrals. In addition, climate change may have an impact on the presence of arthropod species and populations, such as ticks, mosquitoes and midges. These insects may cause increased levels of stress for the animals but can also be vectors for pathogens that may cause severe disease outbreaks, animal welfare issues and economic loss for reindeer herders. This chapter briefly presents the diseases and health problems that are directly or indirectly associated with reindeer feeding, as well as health challenges associated with arthropods and vector-borne diseases that are expected to be affected by climate change in the Arctic and sub-Arctic regions.
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| 7. |
- Åhman, Birgitta
(author)
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Large predators and their impact on reindeer husbandry
- 2022
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In: Reindeer Husbandry and Global Environmental Change. - London : Routledge. ; , s. 119-130
-
Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Several large predators (wolf, lynx, wolverine, brown bear and eagle) are present within the Fennoscandian reindeer herding area, where reindeer are often their main prey. After being more or less eradicated during the 1800s and early 1900s, predators were gradually protected leading to the recovery of all species. Growing populations of predators evidently lead to increased damage to reindeer and reindeer husbandry. In Fennoscandia, the annual loss of reindeer due to predation is probably around 50,000–100,000 animals. Herders get economic compensation for losses. In Finland and Norway, this is based on the number of predator-killed reindeer that are found, while in Sweden the compensation is based on the number of predators (wolf, lynx or wolverine) or area of the herding district (bear and golden eagle). According to national policy, reindeer husbandry should be taken into account in the management of large predators, but often population goals for the predator override the interests of reindeer husbandry. Although reindeer herders acknowledge that predators have a place in the ecosystem, there is frustration about reimbursement not compensating for actual losses, and that herders’ voices are not heard, and their knowledge not recognized, when it comes to predator management.
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| 8. |
- Åhman, Birgitta
(author)
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Nuclear Radiation
- 2022
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In: Arctic One Health : Challenges for Northern Animals and People. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 9783030878528 ; , s. 193-207
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This chapter deals with the potential risk for elevated radiation doses to people and animals in the Arctic environment. The focus is on radionuclides from man-made sources that may enter the food chains of humans and other mammals, and the text describes key elements, sources of release, contamination in the food chain, and estimated radiation doses in relation to health risks. Radionuclides of particular concern are isotopes of iodine, cesium, and strontium, which were widely distributed in Arctic environments following atmospheric bomb testing and after the nuclear accident in Chernobyl in 1986. In addition, industrial activities may enhance the release of naturally occurring radionuclides like polonium-210 and lead-210. It is evident that natural and seminatural food chains, together with freshwater systems, generally entail a higher risk for transfer of radionuclides to humans compared to agricultural systems. The food chain lichen-reindeer/caribou-man was early acknowledged in this respect. Countermeasures and dietary recommendations, which were applied after the Chernobyl accident, proved effective in limiting human intake of radionuclides. Radiation doses to Arctic populations are generally below recommended limits, and there are no observations of adverse health effects among humans, even in the most exposed groups. Some wildlife, reindeer in particular, received high radiation doses after the Chernobyl accident, and chromosome aberrations (an indicator of damage) that could be attributed to radiation were observed in reindeer calves born in highly contaminated areas just after the accident.
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| 9. |
- Åhman, Birgitta
(author)
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Radionuclides in reindeer meat; a case report
- 2019
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In: Chemical hazards in foods of animal origin. - The Netherlands : Wageningen Academic Publishers. - 9789086863266 ; :7, s. 611-621
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)
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| 10. |
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