| 1. |
- Aderne, Rian E., et al.
(författare)
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On the energy gap determination of organic optoelectronic materials : the case of porphyrin derivatives
- 2022
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Ingår i: Materials Advances. - : Royal Society of Chemistry. - 2633-5409. ; :3, s. 1791-1803
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The correct determination of the ionization potential (IP) and electron affinity (EA) as well as the energy gap is essential to properly characterize a series of key phenomena related to the applications of organic semiconductors. For example, energy offsets play an essential role in charge separation in organic photovoltaics. Yet there has been a lot of confusion involving the real physical meaning behind those quantities. Experimentally the energy gap can be measured by direct techniques such as UV-Vis absorption, or indirect techniques such as cyclic voltammetry (CV). Another spectroscopic method is the Reflection Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy (REELS). Regarding data correlation, there is little consensus on how the REELS' energy gap can be interpreted in light of the energies obtained from other methodologies such as CV, UV-Vis, or photoemission. In addition, even data acquired using those traditional techniques has been misinterpreted or applied to derive conclusions beyond the limits imposed by the physics of the measurement. A similar situation also happens when different theoretical approaches are used to assess the energy gap or employed to explain outcomes from experiments. By using a set of porphyrin derivatives as model molecules, we discuss some key aspects of those important issues. The peculiar properties of these porphyrins demonstrate that even straightforward measurements or calculations performed in a group of very similar molecules need a careful interpretation of the outcomes. Differences up to 660 meV (similar to 190 meV) are found comparing REELS (electrochemical) measurements with UV-Vis energy gaps, for instance. From the theoretical point of view, a reasonable agreement with electrochemical measurements of the IP, EA, and the gap of the porphyrins is only obtained when the calculations involve the full thermodynamics of the redox processes. The purpose of this work is to shed light on the differences and similarities of those aforementioned characterization methods and provide some insight that might help one to develop a critical analysis of the different experimental and theoretical methodologies.
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| 2. |
- Azar, Goudarz, et al.
(författare)
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Psychic Distance, Innovation, and Firm Performance
- 2014
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Ingår i: Management International Review. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0938-8249 .- 1861-8901. ; 54:5, s. 581-613
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous research suggests that internationalization improves a firm's ability to innovate, but the effect of internationalizing into specific target markets or destinations on the innovation ability of firms has not been fully investigated. This study examined whether the psychic distance between target market and home market affects firms' propensity to innovate. The starting assumption was that perception of a high degree of differences and subsequent environmental uncertainty when expanding into psychically distant markets triggers strategies for interacting and integrating with the market environment. These include producing and adopting innovations to processes and products and to organizational strategy, structure, and administrative procedures to cope with the new environment and overcome uncertainties. These innovations and the associated competitive advantages can improve firm performance. Hypotheses regarding the relationships between psychic distance, innovation, and firm performance were tested here by structural equation modeling using data from 186 export ventures into 23 international markets by Swedish companies. The results indicate that the link between psychic distance and firm performance is mediated by innovation.
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| 3. |
- Azhari, Rian Hafiizh, 1984, et al.
(författare)
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Dielectric properties of graphene nanoplatelets filled LDPE
- 2016
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Ingår i: 5th IEEE International Conference on High Voltage Engineering and Application, ICHVE 2016, Chengdu, China, 19-22 September 2016. - 9781509004966 ; 16, s. A-4-1-
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This work presents studies on electricalproperties of nanocomposites of low density polyethylene(LDPE) filled with graphene nanoplatelets (GnP) ofdifferent content. As compared to pure LDPE, significantreductions of the conductivity are found for the compositesat relatively low electric fields (below 20 kV/mm). Acrossover effect is however seen at higher fields (above 20kV/mm), where a strong field dependent non-linearbehavior dominates, yielding higher conduction currentsthat increase with increasing filler content. Results ofinvestigations of dielectric response confirm the differencesfound in polarization currents during the measurements ofdc conductivity.
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| 4. |
- Barkema, Harry G, et al.
(författare)
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Internationalising in small, incremental or larger steps?
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of International Business Studies. - Basingstoke : Palgrave Macmillan. - 0047-2506 .- 1478-6990. ; 38:7, s. 1132-1148
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- We argue that companies may enter foreign environments either incrementally, as suggested by long-established theory, or by taking larger steps that may result in lower initial performance but, through learning and experience, lead to increased performance in future expansions. This idea is corroborated by the experience of Dutch companies entering into Central and Eastern Europe. We also find that expansion steps may be too large, thereby limiting the exploration of foreign environments. Our study suggests that sequential internationalisation strategies do still matter, and that companies have to balance exploitation and exploration in internationalisation.
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| 5. |
- Bitocchi, Elena, et al.
(författare)
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High Level of Nonsynonymous Changes in Common Bean Suggests That Selection under Domestication Increased Functional Diversity at Target Traits
- 2017
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Plant Science. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-462X. ; 7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Crop species have been deeply affected by the domestication process, and there have been many efforts to identify selection signatures at the genome level. This knowledge will help geneticists to better understand the evolution of organisms, and at the same time, help breeders to implement successful breeding strategies. Here, we focused on domestication in the Mesoamerican gene pool of Phaseolus vulgaris by sequencing 49 gene fragments from a sample of 45 P. vulgaris wild and domesticated accessions, and as controls, two accessions each of the closely related species Phaseolus coccineus and Phaseolus dumosus. An excess of nonsynonymous mutations within the domesticated germplasm was found. Our data suggest that the cost of domestication alone cannot explain fully this finding. Indeed, the significantly higher frequency of polymorphisms in the coding regions observed only in the domesticated plants (compared to noncoding regions), the fact that these mutations were mostly nonsynonymous and appear to be recently derived mutations, and the investigations into the functions of their relative genes (responses to biotic and abiotic stresses), support a scenario that involves new functional mutations selected for adaptation during domestication. Moreover, consistent with this hypothesis, selection analysis and the possibility to compare data obtained for the same genes in different studies of varying sizes, data types, and methodologies allowed us to identify four genes that were strongly selected during domestication. Each selection candidate is involved in plant resistance/tolerance to abiotic stresses, such as heat, drought, and salinity. Overall, our study suggests that domestication acted to increase functional diversity at target loci, which probably controlled traits related to expansion and adaptation to new agro-ecological growing conditions.
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| 6. |
- Blankenburg Holm, Desirée, Docent, 1962-, et al.
(författare)
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An attention-based view on managing information processing channels in organizations
- 2020
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Management. - Oxford : Elsevier Ltd. - 0956-5221 .- 1873-3387. ; 36:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper investigates how information processing channels can be managed such that relevant and novel information about the environment is gathered despite attention biases of top managers and challenges to maintain motivation levels of information providers. We argue that organizations need open and transparent information processing channels, which make top managers accountable. Furthermore, middle managers dedicated to managing these channels who act as a bridge between the information providers and the top managers help to reduce the information overload for top managers. This increases the likelihood that top managers will take appropriate action on the information provided and give suitable feedback to the senders. Lastly, these actions will only be beneficial when they are aligned with company strategy and values.
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