| 1. |
- Fazey, Ioan, et al.
(författare)
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Transforming knowledge systems for life on Earth : Visions of future systems and how to get there
- 2020
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Ingår i: Energy Research & Social Science. - : Elsevier. - 2214-6296 .- 2214-6326. ; 70
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Formalised knowledge systems, including universities and research institutes, are important for contemporary societies. They are, however, also arguably failing humanity when their impact is measured against the level of progress being made in stimulating the societal changes needed to address challenges like climate change. In this research we used a novel futures-oriented and participatory approach that asked what future envisioned knowledge systems might need to look like and how we might get there. Findings suggest that envisioned future systems will need to be much more collaborative, open, diverse, egalitarian, and able to work with values and systemic issues. They will also need to go beyond producing knowledge about our world to generating wisdom about how to act within it. To get to envisioned systems we will need to rapidly scale methodological innovations, connect innovators, and creatively accelerate learning about working with intractable challenges. We will also need to create new funding schemes, a global knowledge commons, and challenge deeply held assumptions. To genuinely be a creative force in supporting longevity of human and non-human life on our planet, the shift in knowledge systems will probably need to be at the scale of the enlightenment and speed of the scientific and technological revolution accompanying the second World War. This will require bold and strategic action from governments, scientists, civic society and sustained transformational intent.
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| 2. |
- Haggblade, Steven, et al.
(författare)
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Cassava Commercialization in Southeastern Africa
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Agribusiness in Developing and Emerging Economies. - : Emerald. - 2044-0839 .- 2044-0847. ; 2:1, s. 4-40
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose – Cassava production surged noticeably in Southeastern Africa beginning in the 1990s. The purpose of this paper is to examine the commercial responses and food security consequences of cassava production growth in the region. Design/methodology/approach – The paper incorporates a mix of quantitative analysis, based primarily on original analysis of national farm household survey data, together with key informant interviews with value chain participants in the three neighboring countries of Malawi, Mozambique and Zambia. Findings – In the cassava production zones, cassava's high productivity translates into per kilogram carbohydrate costs 60 per cent to 70 per cent of the cost of cereals such as maize and wheat, thereby opening up a range of profitable opportunities for commercialization of cassava-based foods, feeds and industrial products. Despite this potential, cassava commercialization in Southeastern Africa remains in its formative stages, with only 10 per cent to 30 per cent of production currently marketed. Unlike West Africa, where cassava commercialization has centered on marketing prepared cassava-based convenience foods, the emerging cassava markets in Southeastern Africa have centered on fresh cassava, low value-added cassava flour, and experiments in industrial processing of cassava-based starches, biofuels and feeds. Strategic investment in a set of key public goods (breeding, training in food sciences and food safety, and research on in-ground cassava storage) can help to shape this transition in ways that benefit both commercial interests and the food security of vulnerable households. Originality/value – The paper compares cassava commercialization across differing agro-climatic zones, policy environments and food staple zones.
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| 3. |
- Sjöberg, Per-Olof, et al.
(författare)
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Sverige i halvledarvärlden – analys och förslag till strategi
- 2022
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Den brist på halvledare som industrin upplevt under 2021 har satt den annars tämligen anonyma halvledarindustrin i rampljuset såväl i Sverige som i Europa, USA och globalt. Hur länge denna brist kommer att bestå är en viktig fråga för industrin, som dock är svår att svara på. Enligt internationella analytiker kommer industrin att uppleva halvledarbrist fram till sommaren 2022 och eventuellt in på nästa höst eller eventuellt längre, varefter det föreligger en risk för överproduktion då lager förmodligen byggts upp bland avnämare. Erfarenheterna från tidigare halvledarbrister är att de så småningom övergår i överskott. Men den nuvarande bristen kan sannolikt kräva längre tid för detta än tidigare brister. Främsta skälet är att de halvledarfabriker som för närvarande är under uppbyggnad för att råda bot på bristen lider av samma överhettade försörjningskedjor som övrig industri, med förseningar av allt från vitala utrustningar till förbrukningsmateriel, och att det därför troligen kommer att ta längre tid än planerat att få dem i drift. Detta kan i värsta fall innebära att det rentav kan ta ett eller flera år längre tid än analytikerna förutspått innan försörjningsläget är normalt. Sverige är en del av det globala halvledarekosystemet – ett komplext ekosystem som kännetecknas av hög grad av arbetsfördelning, hög kapitalintensitet, hög kunskapsintensitet, långa produktionstider, stark internationalisering och starka inlåsningseffekter. Sverige interagerar med detta globala ekosystem på två sätt - som leverantör av produkter och tjänster i ett antal nischer där vi uppvisar global spetskompetens samt som avnämare av halvledarprodukter för industriella behov. Båda dessa sidor behöver stärkas för att a) våra SMF och stora företag ska kunna få tillgång till de halvledare och system byggda på halvledare som krävs för den produktion av produkter och tjänster som bidrar till Sveriges välstånd, b) svenska industriföretag ska kunna säkra tillgång till den kompetens och de tjänster som krävs då industrins produkter innehåller allt större mängd halvledare, och c) för att maximera möjligheterna för svenska halvledar- och elektronikinnovationer att hävda sig på världsmarknaden, och på så sätt bidra till landets välstånd. Det övergripande målet för Sverige bör vara att använda vår nationella styrka inom innovation som hävstång, och fokusera de starka specialiserade kompetenserna som finns här i landet, jämte långsiktiga investeringar i forskning inom halvledarteknik, systemdesign och halvledarmaterial, i syfte att med samlad kraft nå följande strategiska mål: 1) Etablera Sverige som ett halvledarinnovationsland genom att stärka vårt innovationssystem för halvledare och halvledarmaterial. 2) Få utväxling på de svenska investeringarna i forsknings- och innovationsinfrastruktur för design och produktion av halvledare. 3) Säkra och vidmakthåll en roll för Sverige i halvledarindustrin, inte minst genom svensk representation i de organ och församlingar som beslutar om framtida europeiska investeringar. För att nå dessa mål krävs stark samverkan mellan industri, akademi, institut och offentlig sektor, och långsiktiga såväl publika som privata investeringar i utbildning, forskningsinfrastruktur, test- och demonstrationsanläggningar och i startup- och scaleup-bolag. RISE åsikt är att Sverige därtill bör ta aktiv del i EU-initiativ som den europeiska halvledaralliansen (Alliance on Processor and Semiconductor Technologies) och European Chips Act. Påpekas bör att dessa mål är långsiktiga och kräver kontinuerligt arbete och finansiering under många år framöver. De löser inte industrins kortsiktiga behov av halvledare, och det kommer att ta tid att säkra industrins behov av halvledarkompetens. Med en väl genomförd strategi skulle dock dessa behov i högre grad kunna tillgodoses samtidigt som vårt lands bidrag till det globala halvledarekosystemet skulle växa kraftigt, till fromma för vårt gemensamma välstånd.
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| 4. |
- Malmberg, Bo, et al.
(författare)
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Residential Segregation of European and Non-European Migrants in Sweden: 1990–2012
- 2018
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Ingår i: European Journal of Population. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0168-6577 .- 1572-9885. ; 34:2, s. 169-193
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we analyse how a migrant population that is both expanding and changing in composition has affected the composition of Swedish neighbourhoods at different scales. The analysis is based on Swedish geocoded individual-level register data for the years 1990, 1997, 2005, and 2012. This allows us to compute and analyse the demographic composition of neighbourhoods that range in size from encompassing the nearest 100 individuals to the nearest 409,600 individuals. First, the results confirm earlier findings that migrants, especially those from non-European countries, face high levels of segregation in Sweden. Second, large increases in the non-European populations in combination with high levels of segregation have increased the proportion of non-European migrants living in neighbourhoods that already have high proportions of non-European migrants. Third, in contrast to what has been the established image of segregation trends in Sweden, and in an apparent contrast to the finding that non-European migrants increasingly live in migrant-dense neighbourhoods, our results show that segregation, when defined as an uneven distribution of different populations across residential contexts, is not increasing. On the contrary, for both European migrants from 1990 and non-European migrants from 1997, there is a downward trend in unevenness as measured by the dissimilarity index at all scale levels. However, if segregation is measured as differences in the neighbourhood concentration of migrants, segregation has increased.
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| 5. |
- Tinghög, Gustav, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Intuition and Moral Decision-Making : The Effect of Time Pressure and Cognitive Load on Moral Judgment and Altruistic Behavior
- 2016
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - San Fransisco : library of science. - 1932-6203. ; 11:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Do individuals intuitively favor certain moral actions over others? This study explores the role of intuitive thinking—induced by time pressure and cognitive load—in moral judgment and behavior. We conduct experiments in three different countries (Sweden, Austria, and the United States) involving over 1,400 subjects. All subjects responded to four trolley type dilemmas and four dictator games involving different charitable causes. Decisions were made under time pressure/time delay or while experiencing cognitive load or control. Overall we find converging evidence that intuitive states do not influence moral decisions. Neither time-pressure nor cognitive load had any effect on moral judgments or altruistic behavior. Thus we find no supporting evidence for the claim that intuitive moral judgments and dictator game giving differ from more reflectively taken decisions. Across all samples and decision tasks men were more likely to make utilitarian moral judgments and act selfishly compared to women, providing further evidence that there are robust gender differences in moral decision-making. However, there were no significant interactions between gender and the treatment manipulations of intuitive versus reflective decision-making.
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| 6. |
- Wahlqvist, Evelina, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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Socialförsäkringar behövs
- 2009
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Ingår i: Sydsvenska dagbladet, 23 oktober.
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 7. |
- Andersson, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Ambio fit for the 2020s
- 2022
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Ingår i: Ambio. - : Springer Nature. - 0044-7447 .- 1654-7209. ; 51:5, s. 1091-1093
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 8. |
- Boettcher, Johanna, et al.
(författare)
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Internet-Based Attention Bias Modification for Social Anxiety: A Randomised Controlled Comparison of Training towards Negative and Training Towards Positive Cues
- 2013
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science. - 1932-6203. ; 8:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Biases in attention processes are thought to play a crucial role in the aetiology and maintenance of Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD). The goal of the present study was to examine the efficacy of a programme intended to train attention towards positive cues and a programme intended to train attention towards negative cues. In a randomised, controlled, double-blind design, the impact of these two training conditions on both selective attention and social anxiety were compared to that of a control training condition. A modified dot probe task was used, and delivered via the internet. A total of 129 individuals, diagnosed with SAD, were randomly assigned to one of these three conditions and took part in a 14-day programme with daily training/control sessions. Participants in all three groups did not on average display an attentional bias prior to the training. Critically, results on change in attention bias implied that significantly differential change in selective attention to threat was not detected in the three conditions. However, symptoms of social anxiety reduced significantly from pre- to follow-up-assessment in all three conditions (d(within) = 0.63-1.24), with the procedure intended to train attention towards threat cues producing, relative to the control condition, a significantly greater reduction of social fears. There were no significant differences in social anxiety outcome between the training condition intended to induce attentional bias towards positive cues and the control condition. To our knowledge, this is the first RCT where a condition intended to induce attention bias to negative cues yielded greater emotional benefits than a control condition. Intriguingly, changes in symptoms are unlikely to be by the mechanism of change in attention processes since there was no change detected in bias per se. Implications of this finding for future research on attention bias modification in social anxiety are discussed. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanTrial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01463137
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| 9. |
- Gössling, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
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Optimizing or maximizing? A challenge to sustainable tourism
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Sustainable Tourism. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0966-9582 .- 1747-7646. ; 24:4, s. 527-548
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Virtually all destinations seek to increase tourist numbers, pursuing economic maximization strategies. Considerably less attention is paid to optimizing existing tourist systems to create more profitable, stable, resilient and potentially more sustainable entities. While aspects of tourist expenditure, average length of stay and seasonality as three key destination management variables have received considerable attention in the literature, focus has usually been on the identification of “profitable” tourism markets by considering observed patterns of spending, length of stay and vacation timing. Building on such earlier studies, this paper focuses on flexibilities in these parameters: could tourists have spent more, stayed longer or visited during a different season? Perceptions of destination expensiveness as a potential deterrent to visitation were also addressed. Based on a sample (n = 1914) of domestic and international tourists in the Swedish cities of Kalmar and Stockholm, data were collected in face-to-face interviews using questionnaires. Results indicate considerable potential to optimize the Swedish tourism system with regard to all variables studied, while also providing new insights for destination management in the context of economic resilience. Results also indicate the need for researchers everywhere to have detailed market knowledge if they are to persuade the industry to change its sustainability behavior.
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| 10. |
- Kirchler, Michael, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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The effect of fast and slow decisions on risk taking
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Risk and Uncertainty. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0895-5646 .- 1573-0476. ; 54:1, s. 37-59
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We experimentally compare fast and slow decisions in a series of experiments on financial risk taking in three countries involving over 1700 subjects. To manipulate fast and slow decisions, subjects were randomly allocated to responding within 7 seconds (time pressure) or waiting for at least 7 or 20 seconds (time delay) before responding. To control for different effects of time pressure and time delay on measurement noise, we estimate separate parameters for noise and risk preferences within a random utility framework. We find that time pressure increases risk aversion for gains and risk taking for losses compared to time delay, implying that time pressure increases the reflection effect of Prospect Theory. The results for gains are weaker and less robust than the results for losses. We find no significant difference between time pressure and time delay for loss aversion (tested in only one of the experiments). Time delay also leads to less measurement noise than time pressure and unconstrained decisions, and appears to be an effective way of decreasing noise in experiments.
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