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- Johansson, Carolina, et al.
(author)
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Seasonal affective disorder and the G-protein beta-3-subunit C825T polymorphism
- 2004
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In: Biological Psychiatry. - New York : Elsevier. - 0006-3223 .- 1873-2402. ; 55:3, s. 317-319
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G-proteins) have been implicated in affective disorders, with reports of altered signal transduction and G-protein levels. Association with seasonal affective disorder (SAD) has been found for the higher activity T-allele of the G-protein beta-3-subunit C825T polymorphism.Methods. European SAD patients (n = 159) and matched controls (n = 159) were genotyped for the C825T. Seasonality and diurnal preference were investigated in subsets of the material (n = 177 and 92, respectively).Results. We found no association between C825T and SAD (chi(2) = .09, p = .96) or seasonality (F = 1.76, p = .18). There was some evidence for an effect on diurnal preference but only in the control group (n = 46, t = - 2.8, Bonferroni corrected p = .045).Conclusions: These results suggest that the G-protein beta-3-subunit 825 T-allele does not play a major role in susceptibility to seasonal affective disorder in the population studied.
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| 2. |
- Partonen, Timo, et al.
(author)
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Three circadian clock genes Per2, Arnt1, and Npas2 contribute to winter depression
- 2007
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In: Annals of Medicine. - New York : Informa Healthcare. - 0785-3890 .- 1365-2060. ; 39:3, s. 229-238
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background. Multiple lines of evidence suggest that the circadian clock contributes to the pathogenesis of winter depression or seasonal affective disorder (SAD). We hypothesized that sequence variations in three genes, including Per2, Arntl, and Npas2, which form a functional unit at the core of the circadian clock, predispose to winter depression.Methods. In silico analysis of the biological effects of allelic differences suggested the target single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to be analyzed in a sample of 189 patients and 189 matched controls. The most relevant SNP in each gene was identified for the interaction analysis and included in the multivariate assessment of the combined effects of all three SNPs on the disease risk.Results. SAD was associated with variations in each of the three genes in gene-wise logistic regression analysis. In combination analysis of variations of Per2, Arntl, and Npas2, we found additive effects and identified a genetic risk profile for the disorder. Carriers of the risk genotype combination had the odds ratio of 4.43 of developing SAD as compared with the remaining genotypes, and of 10.67 as compared with the most protective genotype combination.Conclusion. Variations in the three circadian clock genes Per2, Arntl, and Npas2 are associated with the disease, supporting the hypothesis that the circadian clock mechanisms contribute to winter depression.
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