| 1. |
- Arguello, Gabriela, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Marine ecosystem bodies as entangled environments and entangled laws: drones and the marine environment
- 2023
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Ingår i: American Journal of International Law Unbound. - 2398-7723. ; 117, s. 145-150
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The adoption of the 1982 UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) and the steady development of international environmental law in the twentieth century shaped the marine environment as an object of legal protection. However, the exponential growth of substantive obligations to protect the marine environment, conserve marine biodiversity, and prevent marine pollution, has been largely ineffective due to lack of enforcement. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) deployed for marine environmental protection are seen, in scholarship and policy, as a means to close the enforcement gap, thereby revolutionizing the field by significantly increasing states’ maritime awareness. In contrast, our tentative analysis shows that while UAVs can translate complex environmental concerns into data readily available for analysis and action, such datafication of marine environments comes with high risks. More specifically, datafication enables multiple uses of gathered data, including for surveillance, military, and commercial purposes. These concerns tend to fall outside current debates on the international regulation of the use of UAVs in marine environments. In our essay, we explore whether international law recognizes the possibilities and risks involved in deploying UAVs into the marine environment. We draw on doctrinal and posthuman feminist legal approaches to analyze how UAVs interact with the wider context of “marine ecosystem bodies” in terms of international law, as well as how those terms may need to be reconfigured to accommodate the complexity of the many actors, agents, and materials of marine ecosystems.
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| 2. |
- Arvidsson, Matilda, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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Decision Making in Asylum Law and Machine Learning: Autoethnographic Lessons Learned on Data Wrangling and Human Discretion
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nordic Journal of International Law. - 0902-7351 .- 1571-8107. ; 92:1, s. 56-92
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article avails an autoethnography of the authors’ attempt to construct a post hoc intervention machine learning (ML) system responsive to the problem of discrimination in asylum law decisions. In the article we revisit the conjunction of law as a slow hermeneutic, against the fast-paced pull of AI and commercial imperatives to ask whether a ML-driven post hoc intervention system such as the one set up in the research project, reduces the overall risk of discrimination emerging from human discretion in legal decision making on asylum. We conclude that a ML-driven ‘antidiscrimination machine’ will displace rather than reduce that overall risk. We warn that similar attempts at using ML as part of legal decision making, decision support, and post hoc interventions, in international law and beyond, may need to take seriously the risks of human discretion embedded in ML design and data selection.
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| 3. |
- Arvidsson, Matilda, 1976
(författare)
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DIY Plant Milk: A Recipe-Manifesto and Method of Ethical Relations, Care, and Resistance
- 2019
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Ingår i: Making Milk: The Past, Present and Future of Our Primary Food. - London : Bloomsbury. - 9781350029965
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This recipe-manifesto considers the political theology of milk as perfecting a relation: between mother and child, between sovereign state and lawful citizen, and between corporation and consumer. Insisting on the importance of milk as inherently relational, I suggest that instead of swapping dairy for plant milk at the grocery store, or considering plant milk as superior to dairy, making plant milk the DIY (do it yourself) way offers a method of ethical relations, care, and resistance. An oat milk recipe is provided, including simple and straightforward instructions. The slowness of making milk, the essay suggests, allows us to value the labor we put into milk. It further forces us to reflect on the reasons why we need it and want it, including a more careful consideration of which relations we want to foster through milk and which relations we must, or want to, resist.
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| 4. |
- Arvidsson, Matilda, 1976
(författare)
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Laugh all you Medusas! Écriture feminine as feminist legal translation, transformation, transgression, and translactation in the age of AI and the Anthropocene
- 2022
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Ingår i: Australian Feminist Law Journal. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1320-0968 .- 2204-0064. ; 47:2, s. 283-297
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This text considers Hélène Cixous’ écriture feminine (‘writing feminine’) as one way to do feminist legal translation. It discusses the importance of ‘writing one self’ as legal scholars in our own time as a reflection both on what law as well as what the self is or can be. To write one self through écriture feminine is a feminist act in contestation to the ‘phallocentric’ search for the law’s (phallo-)‘originary first term or logos’. Drawing on Yoriko Otomo’s feminist legal scholarship, I show that écriture feminine writes the world differently through the writing of the self; something which is urgently needed in a time of, as Anna Grear puts it, ‘necrotic, predatory imperative of Euro-centric petro-capitalism and rampant industrial consumerism.’ Legal scholarship has often considered Cixous’ work in the context of ‘the linguistic turn’ – a turn that has been out of vogue for some time now. Hence, Cixous’ écriture feminine is rarely explicitly part of contemporary critical legal scholars’ efforts. In this text, however, I argue that Cixous’ scholarship, and her écriture feminine, is necessary to contemporary legal scholarship in its turn to new materialism, tech and AI: The feminist translation, transformation, transgression and translactation in écriture feminine interrupt the phallocentric predatory imperative embedded in the world such legal scholarship tries to make sense of and rework.
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| 5. |
- Arvidsson, Matilda, 1976
(författare)
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Maskininlärning och rättsligt beslutsfattande: migrationsrätt, automatisering och gradvis integrerad AI
- 2021
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Ingår i: AI, digitalisering och rätten. - Lund : Studentlitteratur. - 9789144137858 ; , s. 123-142
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Detta kapitel utgår från mötet mellan maskininlärning (ML), det migrationsrättsliga området och svensk förvaltningsrätt. Det ger en översiktlig introduktion till vad ML är, hur det kan användas i rättsligt beslutsfattande, samt vilka centrala design-, metod- och rättsliga frågor som uppstår vid tillskapandet och användningen av ML-modeller för beslutsfattande och prediktion. Vi ställer frågan: ”Om AI är svaret, vad är då frågan?” Kapitlet avslutas med reflektioner kring ett nödvändigt mänskligt kvalitativt tolkningsföreträde och en gradvis integrerad AI i rättsligt beslutsfattande, med utgångspunkt i det migrationsrättsliga området.
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| 6. |
- Arvidsson, Matilda, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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Ordering Human-Other relationships: International Humanitarian Law and Ecologies of Armed Conflicts in the Anthropocene
- 2023
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Ingår i: International Law and Anthropocentrism. - Abingdon : Routledge. - 9780367858223 - 9781000892222 ; , s. 122-141
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This chapter analyses the international humanitarian legal ordering of human and other relationships during armed conflict and disaster by looking at two examples, namely the ‘natural’ environment and human-scientific constructed AI-powered swarms of drones. Drawing on these examples, as well as post-anthropocentric and posthuman legal scholaship, we argue that International Humanitarian Law (IHL) has some potential in developing in a post-anthropocentric direction, specifically in reorienting its focus from armed conflicts to violent outbursts by making use of the Deleuze-Guattarian notion of ‘war-machines’. We argue that this will eable IHL to offer a better protection on a less anthropocentric and more inclusive and equal basis in a shared posthuman ecology. The chapter offers an overview of current legal regulations as well as a theoretical and practice-oriented outline for the development of IHL.
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| 7. |
- Arvidsson, Matilda, 1976
(författare)
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Post-humanitarian Law
- 2023
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Ingår i: More Posthuman Glossary. - Oxford : Bloomsbury. - 9781350231429
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Drawing on Rosi Braidotti’s posthuman feminist theory post-humanitarian law takes seriously the ontological shift needed in order to move away from traditional International Humanitarian Law (IHL), towards a law able to better describe and work for our own time and condition. To this end post-humanitarian law offers a framework of norms applicable during situations of war, conflict as well as other instances of violent eruptions. Moreover, it moves from inter-national to transnational legal ordering. A central tenant of the ontological shift entailed in the move from IHL to a post-humanitarian law is the possibility to move beyond the human as law’s ultimate genesis, telos, primary object of protection as well as custodian of all things worthy of recognition. Post-humanitarian law thus builds on a critique of both humanism and anthropocentrism as it transgresses their binary distinctions and hierarchies.
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| 8. |
- Arvidsson, Matilda, 1976
(författare)
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Posthuman feminism as a theoretical and methodological approach to international
- 2024
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Ingår i: International law and posthuman theory / edited by Matilda Arvidsson and Emily Jones.. - Abingdon : Routledge. - 9781032658032
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This chapter foregrounds questions of methodology, showing how posthuman feminism can be used as a theoretical and methodological approach in international law. It sets out some fundamentals about what posthuman feminism is and does and what methods international legal scholars and practitioners working with posthuman theory – feminist and otherwise – use. Two arguments are pursued in the chapter. First, it is argued that posthuman theory is both a discursive-linguistic and a material mode of analysis. This is not a novel argument, yet it serves as timely a reminder against the incidental forgetting of a fundamental part of the theoretical and methodological design. Second, the chapter moves on to argue that – and show how – posthuman feminism can help international legal scholars and practitioners employ new ways of seeing and sensing the contemporary world: to cut the frames of analysis differently, and to probe international law’s categories in new ways to reconsider and reconfigure dichotomic and hierarchical notions of oppression, exclusion and predatory violence towards more inclusive and less violent ends. For these purposes, posthuman feminism avails a navigational tool for anyone seeking to make the world a better place, in our own time, as international lawyers or otherwise.
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| 9. |
- Arvidsson, Matilda, 1976
(författare)
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Targeting, Gender and International Posthumanitarian Law and Practice: Framing the Question of the Human in International Humanitarian Law
- 2018
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Ingår i: Australian Feminist Law Journal. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1320-0968 .- 2204-0064. ; 44:1, s. 9-28
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Focusing on targeting law and practice in contemporary high-tech warfare, this article brings international humanitarian legal scholarship into conversation with posthumanist feminist theory for the purpose of rethinking international humanitarian law (IHL) in terms of the posthuman condition. I suggest that posthumanist feminist theory – in particular Rosi Braidotti’s scholarship – is helpful to the IHL scholar for understanding and describing high-tech warfare that recognises the ‘targetable body’ as both material and digital. Posthumanist feminist theory, moreover, avails us of a much-needed critical position from which to reframe the question of what the ‘humanitarian’ aim in IHL is: who, and what, can the ‘human’ of this humanitarianism be? This article sets out the framework for a posthumanitarian international law as an ethicalnormative order worthy, as Braidotti puts it, of the complexity of our times.
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| 10. |
- Arvidsson, Matilda, 1976
(författare)
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The swarm that we already are: Artificially Intelligent (AI) swarming ‘insect drones’, targeting and international humanitarian law in a posthuman ecology
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Human Rights and the Environment. - : Edward Elgar Publishing. - 1759-7188 .- 1759-7196. ; 11:1, s. 114-137
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Over the last fifty-odd years the US Defense Advanced Research Project Agency (DARPA) has launched programs aiming at emulating and incorporating insect technologies in military technology. The US Army Unmanned Aircrafts Systems Roadmap 2010–2035 has specified insect swarming as a field of development for Unmanned Aviation Systems. While legal scholarship has paid substantial attention to drones, autonomous weapons systems and artificial intelligence (AI), developments based on insect swarming technologies have been largely ignored. This article takes emerging AI swarming technologies in military warfare systems as its starting point and asks about the significance of the swarming insect in and through contemporary International Humanitarian Law (IHL) and warfare. Taking up Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari’s notions of ‘the swarm’ and the ‘war machine’, and drawing on critical environmental legal scholarship, the article argues that rather than dispersing the human from its central position in the ‘targeting loop’, the increased interest in insects for commercial and warfare purposes is an intensification of transhumanist desires and an acceleration of late capitalism. As a counter-move, and as a contribution to a posthumanist turn in IHL, the article calls for becoming-insect, swarm and minoritarian as an epistemological practice and ontological shift in IHL and its critical scholarship, resulting in a posthumanitarian legal ordering of becoming.
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