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Sökning: WFRF:(Auvinen A) > Naturvetenskap

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1.
  • Kreuzer, M., et al. (författare)
  • Multidisciplinary European Low Dose Initiative (MELODI) : strategic research agenda for low dose radiation risk research
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Radiation and Environmental Biophysics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0301-634X .- 1432-2099. ; 57:1, s. 5-15
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • MELODI (Multidisciplinary European Low Dose Initiative) is a European radiation protection research platform with focus on research on health risks after exposure to low-dose ionising radiation. It was founded in 2010 and currently includes 44 members from 18 countries. A major activity of MELODI is the continuous development of a long-term European Strategic Research Agenda (SRA) on low-dose risk for radiation protection. The SRA is intended to identify priorities for national and European radiation protection research programs as a basis for the preparation of competitive calls at the European level. Among those key priorities is the improvement of health risk estimates for exposures close to the dose limits for workers and to reference levels for the population in emergency situations. Another activity of MELODI is to ensure the availability of European key infrastructures for research activities, and the long-term maintenance of competences in radiation research via an integrated European approach for training and education. The MELODI SRA identifies three key research topics in low dose or low dose-rate radiation risk research: (1) dose and dose rate dependence of cancer risk, (2) radiation-induced non-cancer effects and (3) individual radiation sensitivity. The research required to improve the evidence base for each of the three key topics relates to three research lines: (1) research to improve understanding of the mechanisms contributing to radiogenic diseases, (2) epidemiological research to improve health risk evaluation of radiation exposure and (3) research to address the effects and risks associated with internal exposures, differing radiation qualities and inhomogeneous exposures. The full SRA and associated documents can be downloaded from the MELODI website (http://www.melodi-online.eu/sra.html).
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2.
  • Ahola, Virpi, et al. (författare)
  • The Glanville fritillary genome retains an ancient karyotype and reveals selective chromosomal fusions in Lepidoptera
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 5, s. 4737-
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Previous studies have reported that chromosome synteny in Lepidoptera has been well conserved, yet the number of haploid chromosomes varies widely from 5 to 223. Here we report the genome (393 Mb) of the Glanville fritillary butterfly (Melitaea cinxia; Nymphalidae), a widely recognized model species in metapopulation biology and eco-evolutionary research, which has the putative ancestral karyotype of n = 31. Using a phylogenetic analyses of Nymphalidae and of other Lepidoptera, combined with orthologue-level comparisons of chromosomes, we conclude that the ancestral lepidopteran karyotype has been n = 31 for at least 140 My. We show that fusion chromosomes have retained the ancestral chromosome segments and very few rearrangements have occurred across the fusion sites. The same, shortest ancestral chromosomes have independently participated in fusion events in species with smaller karyotypes. The short chromosomes have higher rearrangement rate than long ones. These characteristics highlight distinctive features of the evolutionary dynamics of butterflies and moths.
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3.
  • Kajan, Ivan, 1984, et al. (författare)
  • Effect of nitrogen compounds on transport of ruthenium through the RCS
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0236-5731 .- 1588-2780. ; 311:3, s. 2097-2109
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Ruthenium is a fission product that can be released from the fuel in case of a severe nuclear accident. In this work the impact of the atmosphere composition, including air radiolysis products, on the transport of ruthenium through a primary circuit was examined. Experiments were performed at temperatures 1300, 1500 and 1700 K in a slightly humid air. In the experiments significant effect of nitrogen oxides (N2O, NO2) and nitric acid on the ruthenium chemistry in the model primary circuit was observed. The obtained results indicate a strong effect of air radiolysis products on the quantity partitioning of transported ruthenium to gaseous and aerosol compounds.
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4.
  • Kärkelä, T, et al. (författare)
  • Gas phase reactions of organic iodine in containment conditions
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: International Congress on Advances in Nuclear Power Plants 2010, ICAPP 2010. - 9781617386435 ; 2, s. 1084-1091
  • Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • In case of a hypothetical severe accident it is very likely that iodine at least partly deposits on painted walls of a reactor containment building. Iodine may react with painted surfaces to form organic iodine species. These organic species are a possible source of volatile iodine, which may increase the fraction of releasable iodine. Therefore, it is important to study the transport of organic iodine in containment conditions. Another question is, in which form are the organic iodides transported as gaseous molecules or as aerosol particles resulting from organic iodides reacting with radiolysis products. To answer this last question methyl iodide was fed into the EXSI facility in an air mixture. In some experiments the flow contained also humidity. The reactions took place in a quartz tube heated either to 50°C, 90°C or 120°C. UV-light was used as a source of radiation to produce ozone from oxygen. A separate generator was also applied to reach higher ozone concentrations. Nucleated aerosol particles were collected on plane filters and gaseous iodine species were trapped in trapping bottles. Aerosol mass flow rate and size distribution as well as speciation of gaseous reaction products were measured with several on-line instruments. Collected aerosol particles were analysed with SEM. It was found that the formation of aerosol particles was very fast when ozone and methyl iodide were present in the facility. Even a very low concentration of ozone produced high number concentration of particles. The measured aerosol mass concentration increased with increasing temperature and ozone concentration. Because the particle diameter was quite small (
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5.
  • Salojarvi, Jarkko, et al. (författare)
  • Genome sequencing and population genomic analyses provide insights into the adaptive landscape of silver birch
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 49:6, s. 904-912
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Silver birch (Betula pendula) is a pioneer boreal tree that can be induced to flower within 1 year. Its rapid life cycle, small (440-Mb) genome, and advanced germplasm resources make birch an attractive model for forest biotechnology. We assembled and chromosomally anchored the nuclear genome of an inbred B. pendula individual. Gene duplicates from the paleohexaploid event were enriched for transcriptional regulation, whereas tandem duplicates were overrepresented by environmental responses. Population resequencing of 80 individuals showed effective population size crashes at major points of climatic upheaval. Selective sweeps were enriched among polyploid duplicates encoding key developmental and physiological triggering functions, suggesting that local adaptation has tuned the timing of and cross-talk between fundamental plant processes. Variation around the tightly-linked light response genes PHYC and FRS10 correlated with latitude and longitude and temperature, and with precipitation for PHYC. Similar associations characterized the growth-promoting cytokinin response regulator ARR1, and the wood development genes KAK and MED5A.
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6.
  • Van Dorsselaere, J. -P, et al. (författare)
  • Status of the SARNET network on severe accidents
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: International Congress on Advances in Nuclear Power Plants 2010, ICAPP 2010. - 9781617386435 ; , s. 1029-1043
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • After four and a half years of operation in the frame of the 6th Framework Programme (FP6) of the European Commission, SARNET (Severe Accidents Research NETwork of excellence) continues in the FP7 (project named SARNET2) from April 2009 for 4 years. Forty-one organisations from 21 countries network their capacities of research in order to resolve the most important remaining uncertainties and safety issues on severe accidents (SA) in existing and future water-cooled nuclear power plants (NPPs). It includes a large majority of the Europeanactors involved in SA research plus a few non-European important ones. The objective is to perform the common research programmes that have been defined in the network first phase and to continue to improve the common computer tools and methodologies for NPP safety assessment. It will consolidate the sustainable integration of the European SA research capacities. These research programmes concern essentially the six highest priority safety issues that were identified after ranking in the first phase of the network: in-vessel core coolability, molten-corium-concrete-interaction, fuel-coolant interaction, hydrogen mixing and combustion in containment, impact of oxidising conditions on source term, and iodine chemistry. The Joint Programme of Activities includes the following main tasks: Performing new experiments on the above mentioned issues andjointly analysing their results in order to elaborate a common understanding of the concerned physical phenomena; Continuing the development and assessment of the ASTEC integral computer code (jointly developed by IRSN and GRS to predict the NPP behaviour during a postulated SA), which capitalizes in terms of models the knowledge produced in the network. In particular efforts are being extended to its applicability to BWR and CANDU NPP types; Continuing the storage of the SA experimental results in a scientific database, based on the STRESA JRC tool; Promoting educational and training courses, ERMSAR (European Review Meeting on Severe Accident Research) international conferences (to be held once a year) and mobility of young researchers or students between the various European organisations. Some R&D results obtained in the first year of the project are presented, in particular: the VULCANO experiment done in CEA mid-2009 on molten-core-corium-interaction, and the release of the first version of the new ASTEC V2 series.
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