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| 2. |
- Arvidsson, Eva, 1959-, et al.
(författare)
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Vägen framåt
- 2013
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Ingår i: Att välja rättvist. - Lund : Studentlitteratur AB. ; , s. 207-214
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Som vi visat har utvecklingen av metoder och strukturer för öppna prioriteringar i Sverige kommit långt. Många frågor återstår likväl. Under vårt arbete med denna bok har vi identifierat ett antal förbättringsområden och utmaningar som vi avslutningsvis vill lyfta fram. Det rör sig om vilka som ska delta i prioriteringarna, tydliggörande av värdegrunden, behov av bättre kunskap, baserad på både vetenskaplig metod och erfarenhet, och fortsatt utveckling av prioriteringsprocesser på olika nivåer och i olika sammanhang. Även om vi i Sverige skulle nå en god enighet kring principer och kriterier för prioriteringar så kommer vi alltid finna många olika sätt att praktiskt lösa specifika prioriteringsproblem.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Nyberg, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Cognitive aging : A view from brain imaging
- 2004
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Ingår i: New frontiers in cognitive aging. - : Oxford University Press, Oxford. - 0 19 852569 9 ; , s. 135-159
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The contributions in this volume, and numerous other journal articles and chapters, provide unequivocal evidence that cognitive functions decline across the adult lifespan Importantly, though, some cognitive functions are more affected than others For example, in recent work from the Betula project (Nilsson eta!, 1997), we contrasted episodic and semantic long term memory (Nyberg eta!, 2003) It was found that episodic memory performance deteriorated gradually from middle age through young-old age to old-old age By contrast, semantic memory performance increased from middle-age to young-old age, and the old-old participants performed at a level comparable to the middle aged (Figure 7 la) Furthermore, within the domam of episodic memory, increasing age was associated with a greater reduction of pei form ance on measures of recall compared to measures of recognition (Figure 7 ib) These results provide evidence that episodic long-term memory is more age-sensitive than semantic long-term memory, and that recall is more age-sensitive than recognition. These age-related long-term memory changes can be related to patterns of data in working-memory tasks (Gick, Crajic, and Morris, 1988) Working-memory tasks differ with regard to their demand on executive processing and it has been found that age differences are small when the executive demands are low, and substantial wlten such demands are high (see Morris, Gick and Craik, 1988). Many cognitive tasks require working memory functions to a smaller or greater extent, and it has been shown that working memory capacity accounts for a considerable portion of the variance in long-term memory tasks (Hultsch, I-Iertzog, and Dixon, 1990; Park eta!., 1996). Relatedly, the relationship between age and episodic memory has been found to be mediated by proficiency of executive functioning (Troyer, Graves, and Cullum, 1994).
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| 5. |
- Nyberg, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Influences of Biological and Self-Initiated Factors on Brain and Cognition in Adulthood and Aging
- 2006
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Ingår i: Lifespan Development and the Brain. - Cambridge : Cambridge University Press. - 9780521844949 - 9780521175555 - 9780511499722 ; , s. 239-254
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Age-related memory deficits are most pronounced on demanding tests of working memory and episodic memory, and are more pronounced in some older individuals than in others. In this chapter, we review individual-difference factors that influence memory functioning in adulthood and aging. A distinction is drawn between two categories of factors. The first includes biological factors that impose constraints by predisposing the aging brain toward cognitive decline. The second category includes a more heterogeneous collection of factors that are self-initiated and may be seen as offering possibilities rather than imposing constraints. We conclude by presenting some intriguing avenues for future research.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Nyberg, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Minnet
- 2012. - 2
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Ingår i: Hjärnan. - Stockholm : Karolinska University Press. - 9789185565597 ; , s. 133-144
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 8. |
- Bäckman, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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A continuity view of episodic memory impairment: Illustrations from Alzheimer´s disease and major depression
- 1998
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Ingår i: Basic mechanisms in cognition and language. - : New York: Pergamon. ; , s. 243-260
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- There is converging evidence that, in a variety of more or less devastating conditions associated with cognitive impairment (e.g., dementia, amnesia, depression, alcohol intoxication, sleep deprivation), the primary function affected is the ability to acq
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| 9. |
- Bäckman, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Cognitive functioning in very old age
- 1999
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Ingår i: Handbook of cognitive aging. - : Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum. ; , s. 499-558
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The general objective of this chapter is to provide an overview of current research on cognitive functioning among very old adults, with particular emphasis on memory functioning. Of special interest is whether empirical regularities derived from traditi
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| 10. |
- Dixon, R A, et al.
(författare)
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Principles of compensation
- 1999
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Ingår i: Cognitive neurorehabilitation: A comprehensive approach. - : New York: Cambridge University Press. ; , s. 59-72
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In a previous article (L. Bäckman & R.A. Dixon, Psychological Bulletin, 1992, 112, 259-283), we defined compensation as a process that can be inferred when an objective or perceived mismatch between accessible skills and environmental demands is counterba
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