| 1. |
- Bäckman, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Linking cognitive aging to alterations in dopamine neurotransmitter functioning : Recent data and future avenues
- 2010
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Ingår i: Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews. - : Elsevier BV. - 0149-7634 .- 1873-7528. ; 34:5, s. 670-677
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Molecular-imaging studies of dopaminergic neurotransmission measure biomarkers of dopamine (DA), such as the DA transporter and D(1) and D(2) receptor densities in the living brain. These studies indicate that individual differences in DA functions are linked to cognitive performance irrespective of age, and serve as powerful mediators of age-related decline in executive functioning, episodic memory, and perceptual speed. This focused review targets several recent findings pertaining to these relationships. Specifically, we discuss novel evidence concerning (a) the role of DA in within-person cognitive variability; (b) age-related differences in DA release during cognitive processing; (c) DA release following cognitive training in younger and older adults; and (d) the relationship between DA and task-induced functional brain activity. Based on these lines of empirical inquiry, we outline a series of avenues for future research on aging, DA, and cognition.
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| 2. |
- Lövdén, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Structural brain plasticity in adult learning and development
- 2013
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Ingår i: Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews. - : Elsevier BV. - 0149-7634 .- 1873-7528. ; 37:9, s. 2296-2310
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent research using magnetic resonance imaging has documented changes in the adult human brain's grey matter structure induced by alterations in experiential demands. We review this research and relate it to models of brain plasticity from related strands of research, such as work on animal models. This allows us to generate recommendations and predictions for future research that may advance the understanding of the function, sequential progression, and microstructural nature of experience-dependent changes in regional brain volumes. Informed by recent evidence on adult age differences in structural brain plasticity, we show how understanding learning-related changes in human brain structure can expand our knowledge about adult development and aging. We hope that this review will promote research on the mechanisms regulating experience-dependent structural plasticity of the adult human brain.
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| 3. |
- Papenberg, Goran, et al.
(författare)
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Aging-related magnification of genetic effects on cognitive and brain integrity
- 2015
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Ingår i: Trends in cognitive sciences. - : Elsevier BV. - 1364-6613 .- 1879-307X. ; 19:9, s. 506-514
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Heritability studies document substantial genetic influences on cognitive performance and decline in old age. Increasing evidence shows that effects of genetic variations on cognition, brain structure, and brain function become stronger as people age. Disproportionate impairments are typically observed for older individuals carrying disadvantageous genotypes of different candidate genes. These data support the resource-modulation hypothesis, which states that genetic effects are magnified in persons with constrained neural resources, such as older adults.,However, given that findings are not unequivocal, we discuss the need to address several factors that may resolve inconsistencies in the extant literature (gene-gene and gene-environment interactions, study populations, gene-environment correlations, and epigenetic mechanisms).
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| 4. |
- Papenberg, Goran, et al.
(författare)
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Genetics and Functional Imaging : Effects of APOE, BDNF, COMT, and KIBRA in Aging
- 2015
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Ingår i: Neuropsychology Review. - : Springer. - 1040-7308 .- 1573-6660. ; 25:1, s. 47-62
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Increasing evidence from cross-sectional and longitudinal molecular-genetic studies suggests that effects of common genetic variations on cognitive functioning increase with aging. We review the influence of candidate genes on brain functioning in old age, focusing on four genetic variations that have been extensively investigated: APOE, BDNF, COMT, and KIBRA. Similar to the behavioral evidence, there are reports from age-comparative studies documenting stronger genetic effects on measures of brain functioning in older adults compared to younger adults. This pattern suggests disproportionate impairments of neural processing among older individuals carrying disadvantageous genotypes. We discuss various factors, including gene-gene interactions, study population characteristics, lifestyle factors, and diseases, that need to be considered in future studies and may help understand inconsistent findings in the extant literature.
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| 5. |
- Taube, D., et al.
(författare)
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Generic tacrolimus in solid organ transplantation
- 2014
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Ingår i: Clinical Transplantation. - : Wiley. - 0902-0063 .- 1399-0012. ; 28:5, s. 623-632
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The availability of a wide range of immunosuppressive therapies has revolutionized the management of patients who have undergone solid organ transplantation (SOT). However, the cost of immunosuppressive drugs remains high. This situation has led to the development of generic equivalents, which are similar in quality, safety, and efficacy to their approved innovator drugs. There are data available for three generic brands, tacrolimus (Intas), tacrolimus (PharOS), and tacrolimus (Sandoz). Bioequivalence has been demonstrated for generic tacrolimus (Sandoz) within a narrow therapeutic range to its innovator tacrolimus drug (Prograf) in both healthy volunteers and kidney transplant patients. Clinical experience with this generic tacrolimus formulation has also been established in both de novo and conversion patients who have undergone kidney and liver transplantation, as well as in conversion of other SOT patients, including lung and heart recipients.
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