| 1. |
- Fitzmauric, C., et al.
(författare)
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Global, Regional, and National Cancer Incidence, Mortality, Years of Life Lost, Years Lived with Disability, and Disability-Adjusted Life-Years for 29 Cancer Groups, 1990 to 2017 : A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study
- 2019
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Ingår i: JAMA Oncology. - : American Medical Association. - 2374-2437 .- 2374-2445. ; 5:12, s. 1749-1768
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Importance: Cancer and other noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are now widely recognized as a threat to global development. The latest United Nations high-level meeting on NCDs reaffirmed this observation and also highlighted the slow progress in meeting the 2011 Political Declaration on the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases and the third Sustainable Development Goal. Lack of situational analyses, priority setting, and budgeting have been identified as major obstacles in achieving these goals. All of these have in common that they require information on the local cancer epidemiology. The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study is uniquely poised to provide these crucial data.Objective: To describe cancer burden for 29 cancer groups in 195 countries from 1990 through 2017 to provide data needed for cancer control planning.Evidence Review: We used the GBD study estimation methods to describe cancer incidence, mortality, years lived with disability, years of life lost, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs). Results are presented at the national level as well as by Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a composite indicator of income, educational attainment, and total fertility rate. We also analyzed the influence of the epidemiological vs the demographic transition on cancer incidence.Findings: In 2017, there were 24.5 million incident cancer cases worldwide (16.8 million without nonmelanoma skin cancer [NMSC]) and 9.6 million cancer deaths. The majority of cancer DALYs came from years of life lost (97%), and only 3% came from years lived with disability. The odds of developing cancer were the lowest in the low SDI quintile (1 in 7) and the highest in the high SDI quintile (1 in 2) for both sexes. In 2017, the most common incident cancers in men were NMSC (4.3 million incident cases); tracheal, bronchus, and lung (TBL) cancer (1.5 million incident cases); and prostate cancer (1.3 million incident cases). The most common causes of cancer deaths and DALYs for men were TBL cancer (1.3 million deaths and 28.4 million DALYs), liver cancer (572000 deaths and 15.2 million DALYs), and stomach cancer (542000 deaths and 12.2 million DALYs). For women in 2017, the most common incident cancers were NMSC (3.3 million incident cases), breast cancer (1.9 million incident cases), and colorectal cancer (819000 incident cases). The leading causes of cancer deaths and DALYs for women were breast cancer (601000 deaths and 17.4 million DALYs), TBL cancer (596000 deaths and 12.6 million DALYs), and colorectal cancer (414000 deaths and 8.3 million DALYs).Conclusions and Relevance: The national epidemiological profiles of cancer burden in the GBD study show large heterogeneities, which are a reflection of different exposures to risk factors, economic settings, lifestyles, and access to care and screening. The GBD study can be used by policy makers and other stakeholders to develop and improve national and local cancer control in order to achieve the global targets and improve equity in cancer care.
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| 4. |
- James, SL, et al.
(författare)
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Global injury morbidity and mortality from 1990 to 2017: results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
- 2020
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Ingår i: Injury prevention : journal of the International Society for Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention. - : BMJ. - 1475-5785. ; 26:SUPP_1Supp 1, s. 96-114
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Past research in population health trends has shown that injuries form a substantial burden of population health loss. Regular updates to injury burden assessments are critical. We report Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2017 Study estimates on morbidity and mortality for all injuries.MethodsWe reviewed results for injuries from the GBD 2017 study. GBD 2017 measured injury-specific mortality and years of life lost (YLLs) using the Cause of Death Ensemble model. To measure non-fatal injuries, GBD 2017 modelled injury-specific incidence and converted this to prevalence and years lived with disability (YLDs). YLLs and YLDs were summed to calculate disability-adjusted life years (DALYs).FindingsIn 1990, there were 4 260 493 (4 085 700 to 4 396 138) injury deaths, which increased to 4 484 722 (4 332 010 to 4 585 554) deaths in 2017, while age-standardised mortality decreased from 1079 (1073 to 1086) to 738 (730 to 745) per 100 000. In 1990, there were 354 064 302 (95% uncertainty interval: 338 174 876 to 371 610 802) new cases of injury globally, which increased to 520 710 288 (493 430 247 to 547 988 635) new cases in 2017. During this time, age-standardised incidence decreased non-significantly from 6824 (6534 to 7147) to 6763 (6412 to 7118) per 100 000. Between 1990 and 2017, age-standardised DALYs decreased from 4947 (4655 to 5233) per 100 000 to 3267 (3058 to 3505).InterpretationInjuries are an important cause of health loss globally, though mortality has declined between 1990 and 2017. Future research in injury burden should focus on prevention in high-burden populations, improving data collection and ensuring access to medical care.
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| 5. |
- Scandale, W., et al.
(författare)
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Deflection of high-energy negative particles in a bent crystal through axial channeling and multiple volume reflection stimulated by doughnut scattering
- 2010
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Ingår i: Physics Letters B. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-2693 .- 1873-2445. ; 693:5, s. 545-550
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Different kinds of deflection in a silicon crystal bent along the 〈111〉 axis was observed for 150 GeV/. c negative particles, mainly π- mesons, at one of the secondary beams of the CERN SPS. The whole beam was deflected to one side in quasi-bound states of doughnut scattering (DSB) by atomic strings with the efficiency (95.4 ± 0.2)% and with the peak position close to the bend crystal angle, α=185 μrad. It was observed volume capture of π- mesons into the DSB states with a probability higher than 7%. A beam deflection opposite to the crystal bend was observed for some orientations of the crystal axis due to doughnut scattering and subsequent multiple volume reflections of π- mesons by different bent planes crossing the axis. © 2010 Elsevier B.V.
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| 6. |
- Scandale, W., et al.
(författare)
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First observation of multiple volume reflection by different planes in one bent silicon crystal for high-energy protons
- 2009
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Ingår i: Physics Letters B. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-2693 .- 1873-2445. ; 682:3, s. 274-277
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Multiple volume reflection by different planes in a bent silicon crystal with its 〈111〉 axis orientation close to the beam direction was observed for the first time for 400 GeV/c protons at the CERN SPS. The proton beam was deflected to the side opposite to the crystal bend by an angle of about 67 μrad, which is five times larger than in a single volume reflection by the (110) bent planes. The registered efficiency of one side deflection was about 84%. It was shown that multiple volume reflection transforms to a single volume reflection when the orientation angle of the 〈111〉 axis relative to the beam direction is increased. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 7. |
- Scandale, W., et al.
(författare)
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High-efficiency deflection of high-energy negative particles through axial channeling in a bent crystal
- 2009
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Ingår i: Physics Letters B. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-2693 .- 1873-2445. ; 680:4, s. 301-304
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Deflection due to axial channeling in a silicon crystal bent along the 〈111〉 axis was observed for 150 GeV/c negative particles, mainly π- mesons, at one of the secondary beams of the CERN SPS. The whole beam was deflected to one side with the efficiency of about 90% and with the peak position at the bend crystal angle α = 43 μrad. The deflection occurs mainly due to doughnut scattering of above-barrier particles by the atomic strings of the crystal. However, due to a high probability of particle recapture into bound states with the atomic strings their contribution to the deflection should be about 15% for our case according to simulation results. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 8. |
- Scandale, W., et al.
(författare)
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Manipulation of negatively charged beams VIA coherent effects in bent crystals
- 2010
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Ingår i: IPAC 2010. - : ACFA. - 9789290833529 ; , s. 4398-4400
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We review the experimental evidences we recorded with volume reflection and planar and axial channelings with negatively charged particles beam. High deflection efficiency was observed in all cases. The experiment was carried out by the UA9 collaboration in the external lines of the CERN SPS with a secondary beam of 150 GeV/c negative particles.
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| 9. |
- Scandale, W., et al.
(författare)
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Multiple volume reflections of high-energy protons in a sequence of bent silicon crystals assisted by volume capture
- 2010
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Ingår i: Physics Letters B. - : Elsevier. - 0370-2693 .- 1873-2445. ; 688:4-5, s. 284-288
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Multiple volume reflections of the 400 GeV / c proton beam by the sequence of fourteen bent silicon strips has been studied at the CERN SPS. The sequence is close to be parallel that is the spread of the strip orientation angles is much smaller than their bend angle and eleven strips working coherently in the regime of volume reflections deflected the beam by 110 μrad with the efficiency 88%, which is significantly larger than the estimation based on independent reflections. The mechanism giving the efficiency increase has been studied by simulation. It appears that many particles volume captured in one of the strips take part in volume reflections in the subsequent ones. Such a crystal multi reflector can be successfully used as a primary collimator for the beam halo collimation of high-energy accelerators.
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| 10. |
- Scandale, W., et al.
(författare)
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Observation of channeling and volume reflection in bent crystals for high-energy negative particles
- 2009
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Ingår i: Physics Letters B. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-2693 .- 1873-2445. ; 681:3, s. 233-236
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Deflection due to planar channeling and volume reflection in short bent silicon crystals was observed for the first time for 150 GeV / c negative particles, π- mesons, at one of the secondary beams of the CERN SPS. The deflection efficiency was about 30% for channeling and higher than 80% for volume reflection. Volume reflection occurs, in spite of the attractive character of the forces acting between the particles and the crystal planes, in a wide angular range of the crystal orientations determined by the crystal bend angle. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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