| 1. |
- Basu, Samar
(författare)
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Bioactive eicosanoids : Role of prostaglandin F-2 alpha and F-2-isoprostanes in inflammation and oxidative stress related pathology
- 2010
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Ingår i: Molecules and Cells. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1016-8478 .- 0219-1032. ; 30:5, s. 383-391
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Oxidative stress and inflammation are supposed to be the key players of several acute and chronic diseases, and also for progressive aging process. Eicosanoids, especially prostaglandin F-2 alpha (PGF(2 alpha)) and F-2-isoprostanes are endogenous compounds that are involved both in physiology and the above mentioned pathologies. These compounds are biosynthesized mainly from esterified arachidonic acid through both enzymatic and non-enzymatic free radical-catalysed reactions in vivo, respectively. They have shown to possess potent biological activities in addition to their application as biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammation. Recent advancement of methodologies has made it possible to quantify these compounds more reliably and apply them in various in vivo studies successfully. Today, experimental and clinical studies have revealed that both PGF(2 alpha) and F-2-isoprostanes are involved in severe acute or chronic inflammatory conditions such as rheumatic diseases, asthma, risk factors of atherosclerosis, diabetes, ischemia-reperfusion, septic shock and many others. These evidences promote that assessment of bioactive PGF(2 alpha) and F-2-isoprostanes simultaneously in body fluids offers unique non-invasive analytical opportunity to study the function of these eicosanoids in physiology, oxidative stress-related and inflammatory diseases, and also in the determination of potency of various radical scavengers, anti-inflammatory compounds, drugs, antioxidants and diet.
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| 2. |
- Basu, Samar, et al.
(författare)
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Eicosanoids and Adipokines in Breast Cancer : From Molecular Mechanisms to Clinical Considerations
- 2013
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Ingår i: Antioxidants and Redox Signaling. - : Mary Ann Liebert Inc. - 1523-0864 .- 1557-7716. ; 18:3, s. 323-360
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Chronic inflammation is one of the foremost risk factors for different types of malignancies, including breast cancer. Additional risk factors of this pathology in postmenopausal women are weight gain, obesity, estrogen secretion, and an imbalance in the production of adipokines, such as leptin and adiponectin. Various signaling products of transcription factor, nuclear factor-kappaB, in particular inflammatory eicosanoids, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and cytokines, are thought to be involved in chronic inflammation-induced cancer. Together, these key components have an influence on inflammatory reactions in malignant tissue damage when their levels are deregulated endogenously. Prostaglandins (PGs) are well recognized in inflammation and cancer, and they are solely biosynthesized through cyclooxygenases (COXs) from arachidonic acid. Concurrently, ROS give rise to bioactive isoprostanes from arachidonic acid precursors that are also involved in acute and chronic inflammation, but their specific characteristics in breast cancer are less demonstrated. Higher aromatase activity, a cytochrome P-450 enzyme, is intimately connected to tumor growth in the breast through estrogen synthesis, and is interrelated to COXs that catalyze the formation of both inflammatory and anti-inflammatory PGs such as PGE(2), PGF(2 alpha), PGD(2), and PGJ(2) synchronously under the influence of specific mediators and downstream enzymes. Some of the latter compounds upsurge the intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate concentration and appear to be associated with estrogen synthesis. This review discusses the role of COX- and ROS-catalyzed eicosanoids and adipokines in breast cancer, and therefore ranges from their molecular mechanisms to clinical aspects to understand the impact of inflammation.
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| 3. |
- Basu, Samar
(författare)
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F2-isoprostanes in human health and diseases : from molecular mechanisms to clinical implications
- 2008
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Ingår i: Antioxidants and Redox Signaling. - : Mary Ann Liebert. - 1523-0864 .- 1557-7716. ; 10:8, s. 1405-1434
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Oxidative stress is implicated as one of the major underlying mechanisms behind many acute and chronic diseases, and involved in normal aging. However, the measurement of free radicals or their end products is complicated. Thus, proof of association of free radicals in pathologic conditions has been absent. Isoprostanes are prostaglandin-like bioactive compounds that are biosynthesized in vivo independent of cyclooxygenases, principally through free-radical catalyzation of arachidonic acid. Isoprostanes are now considered to be reliable biomarkers of oxidative stress, as evidenced by an autonomous study organized recently by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) in the United States. A number of these compounds have potent biologic activities such as vasoconstrictive and certain inflammatory properties. Isoprostanes are involved in many human diseases. Additionally, elevated levels of F2-isoprostanes have been seen in normal human pregnancy and after intake of some fatty acids, but their physiologic assignments have not yet been distinctive. This evidence indicates that measurement of bioactive F2-isoprostanes in body fluids offers a unique noninvasive analytic utensil to study the role of free radicals in physiology, oxidative stress–related diseases, experimental acute or chronic inflammatory conditions, and also in the assessment of various antioxidants, radical scavengers, and drugs.
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| 4. |
- Basu, Samar
(författare)
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Novel cyclooxygenase-catalyzed bioactive prostaglandin F-2 alpha from physiology to new principles in inflammation
- 2007
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Ingår i: Medicinal research reviews (Print). - : Wiley. - 0198-6325 .- 1098-1128. ; 27:4, s. 435-468
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Prostaglandin F2 (PGF2), a foremost stable vasoactive cyclooxygenase (COX)-catalyzed prostaglandin, regulates a number of key physiological functions such as luteolysis, ovarian function, luteal maintenance of pregnancy, and parturition as a constitutive part of ongoing reproductive processes of the body. It has recently been implicated in the regulation of intricate pathophysiological processes, such as acute and chronic inflammation, cardiovascular and rheumatic diseases. Since the discovery of a second isoform of COXs, it has been shown that PGF2 can be formed in vivo from arachidonic acid through both isoforms of COXs, namely cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Being synthesized in various parts of the body, it metabolizes instantly to a number of rather inactive metabolites mainly in the lungs, liver, kidney, and efficiently excretes into the urine. 15-Keto-dihydro-PGF2, a major stable metabolite of PGF2 that reflects in vivo PGF2 biosynthesis, is found in larger quantities than its parent compound in the circulation and urine in basal physiological conditions, with short-lived pulses during luteolysis, induced termination of pregnancy and parturition, and is increased in tissues and various body fluids during acute, sub-chronic, and severe chronic inflammation. Further, the close relationship of PGF2 with a number of risk factors for atherosclerosis indicates its major role in inflammation pathology. This review addresses multiple aspects of PGF2 in addition to its emerging role in physiology to inflammation.
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