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- Bergström, Hans, et al.
(författare)
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Wind power in cold climates : Ice mapping methods
- 2013
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In the Vindforsk V-313 project “Vindkraft i kallt klimat” the goal was to arrive at a methodology to construct a high resolution (1x1 km2) climatology of icing on wind power turbines. This is a very demanding task since observations of icing on instruments have only been routinely available in Sweden during three winter seasons and at a dozen locations. The term climatology in classical meteorology means statistics over 30 years of data, and usually in the form of direct or indirect measurements. Examples are mean temperatures (annual, monthly, maximum etc.), number of frost days, growing season, variability, number of days of precipitation, mean winds, cloudiness, solar radiation, to name a few.In the project researchers from Uppsala University, WeatherTech Scandinavia, and SMHI have been collaborating. Observations have been analysed and state-of-the-art numerical weather prediction models have been applied in case studies and tested in several sensitivity studies. Extensive model verification has been carried out. Modelled ice load and estimated production losses were also compared to measurements. The question of how to arrive at a method using only a few years to represent the long-term climatology was addressed and several methods were tested.The project has shed light on the uncertainties in modelling ice load and icing climate. The end results not only depend on which mesoscale model that is used but also on how the model is set up. In order to improve the models more accurate measurements of ice load is needed. Observations of liquid cloud water content and droplet size distributions could also be of significant value to better understand why the ice load models fail in capturing the observed ice load.
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| 2. |
- Blom, Victoria, et al.
(författare)
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Work–home interference and burnout in Swedish women and men : The importance of genetics and family environment
- 2013
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Genetic influences on perceived demands and burnout are shown in previous studies, suggesting genetic and shared environmental influences may underlie the associations between work–home interference and burnout. The present study sets out to increase the currently limited understanding of the biological and social correlates of work–home interference (WHI) by investigating whether WHI is related to burnout while taking sex, age, children, and genetic and shared environmental factors into account. A total of 13 730 individuals, including 2223 complete twin pairs, from the Swedish Twin Registry were included in the study. The effects of work–home conflict (WHC) and home–work conflict (HWC) on burnout between- and within-pairs were analyzed with Linear Mixed Models with and without stratification by sex. The results showed significant main effects of WHC and HWC on burnout and co-twin control analyses suggested that shared environmental factors may be involved in the association between HWC and burnout in women. As regards WHC and burnout, genetic or shared environmental factors did not seem to be involved. Adjustment for age and children did not change the results. The present study contributes with new knowledge of the mechanisms involved in the associations between work–home interference and burnout.
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| 7. |
- Svedberg, Pia, et al.
(författare)
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A twin study of work-home interference and the risk of future sickness absence with mental diagnoses
- 2016
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Ingår i: European Journal of Public Health, Volume 26 Issue suppl_1. - : Oxford University Press (OUP).
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- BackgroundWork-home interference has been proposed as an important explanation for sickness absence (SA). Previous studies show mixed results, and have not accounted for genetics and shared everyday environment (familial factors), or investigated diagnosis specific SA. The aim was to study if work-home interference predicts SA due to stress-related mental diagnoses, or SA due to other mental diagnoses, among women and men, when adjusting for various confounders and familial factors.MethodsThis prospective cohort study included 11,916 twins, 19-47 years (49% women).Data on work-to-home and home-to-work conflicts and relevant confounders were derived from a 2005 survey, and national register data on SA spells until 2013 were obtained. Odds Ratios (ORs) with 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs) were calculated. Discordant twin pair design was applied to adjust for familial factors.ResultsFor women, each one unit increase in work-to-home and home-to-work conflicts was associated with SA due to stress-related mental diagnoses and to SA due to other mental diagnoses, when adjusting for sociodemographic factors (ORs 1.15-1.31). With further adjustments for work, health-related or familial factors, none of the associations remained. For men, each one unit increase in work-to-home conflicts was associated with SA due to stress-related diagnoses (ORs 1.23-1.35), independently of confounders.ConclusionsWork-to-home conflict was independently associated with future SA due to stress-related diagnoses among men only. Health and familial factors are important confounders to consider when researching work-home interference and SA, especially among women. Not including such confounders involves risking drawing incorrect conclusions.
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| 8. |
- Um-Bergström, Petra
(författare)
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From youth to adult : studies on chronic airway obstruction with special reference to events in the neonatal period
- 2019
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Introduction: In western countries, 6-12% of all pregnancies end preterm, i.e. before 37 weeks of gestation. After the introduction of antenatal corticosteroids and improvements of neonatal intensive care, survival rates for children born preterm have increased worldwide. In Sweden, 80% of infants born extremely preterm, i.e. before 28 weeks of gestation, survive. There is, however, an association between preterm birth and later sequelae. Pulmonary complications, such as bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), may result in lung function impairment later in life. It has also been demonstrated that a significant proportion, around 20-25%, of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have never smoked, suggesting other risk factors for developing chronic airway obstruction in adulthood. As there are now more survivors reaching adult life, individuals born preterm are expected to be an increasing group of patients in the future, contributing to the non- smoking proportion of patients with COPD. The overall aim of this thesis was therefore to extensively characterise clinical, functional and mechanistic aspects of pulmonary outcomes in adolescence and in adult age in individuals born preterm with and without BPD. Patients and methods: Individuals born before 32 weeks of gestation between 1992 and 1998 in Stockholm County were investigated both in adolescence (n= 51) and at adult age (n= 49). Half of the individuals born preterm had a diagnosis of BPD. In adult age two control groups of patients with allergic asthma (n= 23) and healthy individuals (n=24) were included. Information on perinatal data, medical history and health related quality of life (HRQoL) was collected. Lung function was measured using dynamic spirometry, body plethysmography diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO), impulse oscillometry (IOS) and lung clearance index (LCI) for ventilation inhomogeneity. Bronchoscopy was performed in adults (mean age 20.0 years) including sampling of the large (bronchial wash), and small airways (bronchoalveolar lavage, BAL). Results: Both adolescents and adults with BPD demonstrated airway obstruction in contrast to individuals born preterm without BPD, but both groups had more airway hyper- responsiveness compared to healthy controls. In adulthood, the preterm group had lower DLCO irrespective of BPD status, but only those with BPD had signs of inhomogeneous ventilation. Adults with BPD reported fewer physical symptoms than asthmatic controls, despite lower lung function in the former group. Both preterm groups reported lower scores in the mental component summary of a questionnaire compared to healthy controls. In contrast to the asthmatic group, no eosinophilic inflammation was seen in the preterm group. In BAL, the preterm BPD group showed an increased proportion of activated cytotoxic T cells (CD8+), a decreased proportion of T helper cells (CD4+), and, as a consequence, a decreased CD4/CD8 ratio, when compared to the healthy controls. T-cell subsets in BAL correlated with measures of airflow limitation in individuals with BPD. Further, in bronchial wash, elevated proportion of lymphocytes was observed. A correlationof lymphocyte count with measures of airflow obstruction in the preterm born individuals was seen predominantly in males. Conclusions: Individuals born preterm with a history of BPD have obstructive airflow limitations engaging the small airways. Lymphocytes may have a sex-specific role, as an increased amount was found in the large airways in males with BPD. The increased proportion of cytotoxic (CD8+) T cells in BAL resemble features of COPD, and are compatible with the hypothesis that T-cells may play a mechanistic role in development of airway obstruction in adults with a history of BPD. 5
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