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- Bhattacharya, Prosun, 1962-, et al.
(författare)
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Tubewell platform color : Assessment of a tool for rapid screening of arsenic and manganese in well water
- 2012
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Ingår i: UNDERSTANDING THE GEOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL INTERFACE OF ARSENIC, AS 2012. - : CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP. ; , s. 515-518
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study attempts to make a statistical comparison between Tubewell (TW) platform color and the level of Arsenic (As) and Manganese (Mn) concentration in groundwater abstracted from a set of 423 Tubewells (TWs) in Chakdaha Block of Nadia District, West Bengal, India to validate platform color as a screening tool for both As and Mn in groundwater. The results indicate that water extracted from TWs with black colored platform in 93% cases was safe for As while water extracted from TWs with red colored platform is contaminated with As with 38% certainty, compared to drinking water standard of India (50 mu g/L). At this standard the respective efficiency, sensitivity and specificity of the tool are 65, 85 and 59%. If WHO drinking water guideline (10 mu g/L) is considered, the certainty increases to 73% and 84% respectively for black and red colored platform with respective efficiency, sensitivity and specificity values of 79, 77 and 81%. Furthermore, the black colored platform with 78% certainty indicates well water is enriched with Manganese (Mn), while red colored platform indicates water is low in Mn with 64% certainty evaluated against Indian national standard of 300 mu g/L. This study demonstrates that platform color can be potentially used as an initial screening tool for As and Mn, to assess the safe water acess for drinking purposes.
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- Biswas, Ashis, et al.
(författare)
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Potentiality of shallow brown sand aquifers as an alternative safe drinking water source in Bengal Basin
- 2012
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Ingår i: Understanding the Geological and Medical Interface of Arsenic, As 2012 - 4th International Congress: Arsenic in the Environment. - 9780415637633 ; , s. 67-68
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present study investigated the regional distribution of brown sand aquifers (BSA) as well as their hydrogeochemical contrast to grey sand aquifers (GSA). The data indicated that in BSA redox status is limited to the Mn oxides reduction stage, while in GSA, Fe oxides reduction to SO 4 2- reduction processes are prevalent. Though, the concentration of dissolved As was very low (<10 ÎŒg/L) in BSA, the concentration of Mn was very high (>400 ÎŒg/L). Whereas in GSA, the enrichment patterns of As and Mn were opposite to that of BSA. This study suggests that underlying health risk of Mn in drinking water needs to be addressed more rigorously before advocating for mass scale exploitation of BSA as an alternative drinking water source despite of significantly low As concentration in groundwater.
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- Kundu, A. K., et al.
(författare)
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Variation of arsenic in shallow aquifers of the Bengal Basin : Controlling geochemical processes
- 2016
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Ingår i: Arsenic Research and Global Sustainability - Proceedings of the 6th International Congress on Arsenic in the Environment, AS 2016. - : CRC Press/Balkema. - 9781138029415 ; , s. 52-53
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The natural occurrence of high dissolved Arsenic (As) in groundwater is quiet common and has been reported from almost entire globe. Nevertheless the scale of problem is most severe in several countries of South and South East Asia, notably in BDP (Bengal Delta Plain). Different As release mechanism has been put forward to explain As enrichment in groundwater. The groundwater As distribution and their relationship with land-use pattern suggest that As release is influenced by local conditions (e.g. sanitation, presence of surface water, agricultural practice). High rate of groundwater withdrawl can accelerate As mobilization by enhancing the transport of degradable organic matter with recharge water from the surface.
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- Mukherjee, A. B., et al.
(författare)
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Mercury in waste in the European Union : sources, disposal methods and risks
- 2004
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Ingår i: Resources, Conservation and Recycling. - : Elsevier BV. - 0921-3449 .- 1879-0658. ; 42, s. 155–182-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Over the recent decades, there has been widespread concern regarding the toxic impact of mercury (Hg) in the ecosystem due to its mobility, volatility and potential for bioaccumulation. Hg in fish and the aquatic environment is also a great problem in the Nordic region of the EU1 (European Union). Ho is classified as a dangerous chemical in the countries of the EU. Hg in the regulation of waste is regarded as a dangerous substance which, when contained in waste, is one of the properties, leading to a classification of waste as hazardous. Estimation of the quantity of Hg in waste within the EU countries is an important task although still incomplete. In this present study, Hg in waste in the EU has been estimated at around 990 metric tonnes (t) (including coal combustion products, landfills, chlor-alkali waste and incinerator slag) for the year 1995, and it is suggested that if complete information was available for the 15 member states, the amount would be 2-4 times larger. During the 1990s there were 45 Hg cell chlorine facilities in the EU and the amount of Hg in chlorine (Cl-2) was calculated at 95.2 t based on 14-17 g Hg t(-1) of Cl, capacity. The waste from coal-fired power plants in the EU member states contained about 16.5 t of Ha, which was transferred to products for road construction, and other industrial uses or stored in landfills. This Hg can then be exchanged between the atmospheric, aquatic and terrestrial compartments. Hg is occasionally recovered from waste, but this is often discouraged for economic reasons. Recovery units are found, for example, in Germany, France, Austria, and Sweden. The total amount of secondary Hg recovered from waste is not known. Metallic Hg and Hg-bearing waste are exported and imported from the EU member states, except for export from Sweden, which is banned by national legislation. The use of Hg in lamps and batteries is declining, and the Nordic countries, Germany and Austria have stringent regulations on the use of amalgam and Hg thermometers. It is found that 18% of municipal solid waste generated in the EU is burnt in incinerators, in order to decrease the volume. 88 t of Hg enter into the landfills of the EU through waste and residues from waste incineration. Prevention of the generation of hazardous waste containing Hg is one of the most challenging tasks for the EU, with regard to sustainable waste management.
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