| 1. |
- Nicolas, Aude, et al.
(författare)
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Genome-wide Analyses Identify KIF5A as a Novel ALS Gene
- 2018
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Ingår i: Neuron. - : Cell Press. - 0896-6273 .- 1097-4199. ; 97:6, s. 1268-1283.e6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To identify novel genes associated with ALS, we undertook two lines of investigation. We carried out a genome-wide association study comparing 20,806 ALS cases and 59,804 controls. Independently, we performed a rare variant burden analysis comparing 1,138 index familial ALS cases and 19,494 controls. Through both approaches, we identified kinesin family member 5A (KIF5A) as a novel gene associated with ALS. Interestingly, mutations predominantly in the N-terminal motor domain of KIF5A are causative for two neurodegenerative diseases: hereditary spastic paraplegia (SPG10) and Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 2 (CMT2). In contrast, ALS-associated mutations are primarily located at the C-terminal cargo-binding tail domain and patients harboring loss-of-function mutations displayed an extended survival relative to typical ALS cases. Taken together, these results broaden the phenotype spectrum resulting from mutations in KIF5A and strengthen the role of cytoskeletal defects in the pathogenesis of ALS.
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| 2. |
- Broach, James R, et al.
(författare)
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The Msn2 mediated stress response : Survival based on "hedging your bet" and a dynamic interplay of transcription factor binding and nucleosome occupancy
- 2015
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Ingår i: Yeast. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0749-503X .- 1097-0061. ; 32:Suppl. 1, s. S221-S222
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Yeast cell subjected to many different stresses elicit an acute transcriptional stress response mediated by the Msn2 transcription factor, which alters expression of both a stress specific-cohort of genes as well as a common cohort of genes that changes expression in a stereotypic fashion upon exposure to any of a wide variety of stresses. We have shown by dynamic single cell analysis that stresses regulate Msn2 activity through cytoplasm to nuclear relocalization but do so in an unusual way: stresses induce increased frequency of bursts of short-lived, recurrent periods of Msn2 nuclear localization with different stresses eliciting different patterns of bursts. Moreover, genetically identical cells subject to an identical stress can behave quite differently, with some cells mounting a robust nuclear occupancy of Msn2 while others show no nuclear localization at all. We have proposed that this idiosyncratic behavior allows populations of cells to “hedge their bet” as to what will be the optimum strategy for surviving the ensuing stress. We have used computational modeling and single cell analysis to determine that bursting is a consequence of noise in the stress signaling pathways amplified by the small number of Msn2 molecules in the cell. Moreover, we have applied genome wide chromatin immunoprecipitation and nucleosome profiling to address how different stresses determine where Msn2 binds under a particular stressful conditions, and thus what genes are regulated by that stress, and how that binding affects, and is affected by, nucleosome positioning and other transcription factor binding. These results provide in vivo validation of Widon's model of indirect cooperativity of transcription factor binding, mediated by partial unwinding of nucleosomes by one transcription factor to allow access for a second transcription factor to a previously occluded binding site. Finally, we have addressed the “bet hedging” hypothesis by showing that persistence of the Msn2-mediated stress response yields cell growth arrest and have identified the targets responsible for that growth arrest. We have applied experimental evolution paradigms to address the relative fitness of cells exhibiting stochastic stress responses versus those with a uniform response. In short, our results indicate that the stress response is complex and that complexity is critical for cell survival.
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| 3. |
- Chereji, Razvan V., et al.
(författare)
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Mediator binds to boundaries of chromosomal interaction domains and to proteins involved in DNA looping, RNA metabolism, chromatin remodeling, and actin assembly
- 2017
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Ingår i: Nucleic Acids Research. - : Oxford University Press. - 0305-1048 .- 1362-4962. ; 45:15, s. 8806-8821
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mediator is a multi-unit molecular complex that plays a key role in transferring signals from transcriptional regulators to RNA polymerase II in eukaryotes. We have combined biochemical purification of the Sac-charomyces cerevisiae Mediator from chromatin with chromatin immunoprecipitation in order to reveal Mediator occupancy on DNA genome-wide, and to identify proteins interacting specifically with Mediator on the chromatin template. Tandem mass spectrometry of proteins in immunoprecipitates of mediator complexes revealed specific interactions between Mediator and the RSC, Arp2/Arp3, CPF, CF 1A and Lsm complexes in chromatin. These factors are primarily involved in chromatin remodeling, actin assembly, mRNA 3'-end processing, gene looping and mRNA decay, but they have also been shown to enter the nucleus and participate in Pol II transcription. Moreover, we have found that Mediator, in addition to binding Pol II promoters, occupies chromosomal interacting domain (CID) boundaries and that Mediator in chromatin associates with proteins that have been shown to interact with CID boundaries, such as Sth1, Ssu72 and histone H4. This suggests that Mediator plays a significant role in higher-order genome organization.
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| 4. |
- Elfving, Nils, et al.
(författare)
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A dynamic interplay of nucleosome and Msn2 binding regulates kinetics of gene activation and repression following stress
- 2014
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Ingår i: Nucleic Acids Research. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0305-1048 .- 1362-4962. ; 42:9, s. 5468-5482
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The transcription factor Msn2 mediates a significant proportion of the environmental stress response, in which a common cohort of genes changes expression in a stereotypic fashion upon exposure to any of a wide variety of stresses. We have applied genome-wide chromatin immunoprecipitation and nucleosome profiling to determine where Msn2 binds under stressful conditions and how that binding affects, and is affected by, nucleosome positioning. We concurrently determined the effect of Msn2 activity on gene expression following stress and demonstrated that Msn2 stimulates both activation and repression. We found that some genes responded to both intermittent and continuous Msn2 nuclear occupancy while others responded only to continuous occupancy. Finally, these studies document a dynamic interplay between nucleosomes and Msn2 such that nucleosomes can restrict access of Msn2 to its canonical binding sites while Msn2 can promote reposition, expulsion and recruitment of nucleosomes to alter gene expression. This interplay may allow the cell to discriminate between different types of stress signaling.
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| 5. |
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