| 1. |
- Thompson, Paul M., et al.
(författare)
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The ENIGMA Consortium : large-scale collaborative analyses of neuroimaging and genetic data
- 2014
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Ingår i: BRAIN IMAGING BEHAV. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1931-7557 .- 1931-7565. ; 8:2, s. 153-182
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Enhancing NeuroImaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis (ENIGMA) Consortium is a collaborative network of researchers working together on a range of large-scale studies that integrate data from 70 institutions worldwide. Organized into Working Groups that tackle questions in neuroscience, genetics, and medicine, ENIGMA studies have analyzed neuroimaging data from over 12,826 subjects. In addition, data from 12,171 individuals were provided by the CHARGE consortium for replication of findings, in a total of 24,997 subjects. By meta-analyzing results from many sites, ENIGMA has detected factors that affect the brain that no individual site could detect on its own, and that require larger numbers of subjects than any individual neuroimaging study has currently collected. ENIGMA's first project was a genome-wide association study identifying common variants in the genome associated with hippocampal volume or intracranial volume. Continuing work is exploring genetic associations with subcortical volumes (ENIGMA2) and white matter microstructure (ENIGMA-DTI). Working groups also focus on understanding how schizophrenia, bipolar illness, major depression and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) affect the brain. We review the current progress of the ENIGMA Consortium, along with challenges and unexpected discoveries made on the way.
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| 2. |
- Biberhofer, P, et al.
(författare)
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Joint CASE Report on Content and Methods for the Joint Master Program on Sustainability-driven Entrepreneurship
- 2016
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The CASE project develops a joint master program on sustainability-driven entrepreneurship in a university-business knowledge alliance. However, it is not only for the development of the master program that university opens up to consider and integrate further stakeholder perspectives into the process. The future students shall learn in a transdisciplinary learning environment, steadily researching and integrating real-world needs and perspectives to develop competencies that enable them to solve complex sustainability-problems in their further careers. In the CASE project, we aim to avoid the indicated gap between sustainability-oriented, real-world contents and not corresponding pedagogical frameworks. We connect the development of contents and methods in the two interlinked work packages 3 and 4 in terms of process and outcomes (see Figure 1 for an overview of the WPs that contribute to the development of the master program). WP 3 is focusing on relevant content areas for the master program and WP 4 is analyzing innovative methods to foster competencies of sustainability-driven entrepreneurship. The output of the two WPs is this joint report describing the joint development process, giving background information on relevant content areas for sustainability-driven entrepreneurship and adequate teaching and learning approaches. In the course of the development process of WP 3 and WP 4 we considered different regional requirements and needs of the universities that are part of the CASE consortium and further stakeholders via participatory multi-stakeholder workshops. In chapter 1.3 we describe this process in detail and particularly elaborate on the multi-stakeholder approach chosen in the CASE project. This development process first covered clustering relevant topics to thematic areas, then structuring these into modules and courses with various teaching formats. Finally, we added recommendations for concrete teaching and learning methods. The report outlines modules for a master program that are designed to foster competencies of sustainability-driven entrepreneurship. Since the overarching aim of the CASE project is to develop a joint master program that can be adopted by various European universities, we are ambitious to create modules which are adaptable and can flexibly be implemented in different regional contexts and under differing conditions of universities. With this report, we are sharing our knowledge and experiences gained so far to make them accessible to HEIs, company partners and all other stakeholders interested in the topic of sustainability-driven entrepreneurship and in innovative teaching and learning methods.
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| 3. |
- Fransson, Eleonor I, et al.
(författare)
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Job strain and the risk of stroke : an individual-participant data meta-analysis
- 2015
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Ingår i: Stroke. - 0039-2499 .- 1524-4628. ; 46:2, s. 557-559
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Psychosocial stress at work has been proposed to be a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. However, its role as a risk factor for stroke is uncertain.METHODS: We conducted an individual-participant-data meta-analysis of 196 380 males and females from 14 European cohort studies to investigate the association between job strain, a measure of work-related stress, and incident stroke.RESULTS: In 1.8 million person-years at risk (mean follow-up 9.2 years), 2023 first-time stroke events were recorded. The age- and sex-adjusted hazard ratio for job strain relative to no job strain was 1.24 (95% confidence interval, 1.05;1.47) for ischemic stroke, 1.01 (95% confidence interval, 0.75;1.36) for hemorrhagic stroke, and 1.09 (95% confidence interval, 0.94;1.26) for overall stroke. The association with ischemic stroke was robust to further adjustment for socioeconomic status.CONCLUSION: Job strain may be associated with an increased risk of ischemic stroke, but further research is needed to determine whether interventions targeting job strain would reduce stroke risk beyond existing preventive strategies.
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| 4. |
- Heikkilä, Katriina, et al.
(författare)
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Job Strain as a Risk Factor for Peripheral Artery Disease : A Multi-Cohort Study
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of the American Heart Association. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 2047-9980 .- 2047-9980. ; 9:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Job strain is implicated in many atherosclerotic diseases, but its role in peripheral artery disease (PAD) is unclear. We investigated the association of job strain with hospital records of PAD, using individual-level data from 11 prospective cohort studies from Finland, Sweden, Denmark, and the United Kingdom. Methods and Results Job strain (high demands and low control at work) was self-reported at baseline (1985-2008). PAD records were ascertained from national hospitalization data. We used Cox regression to examine the associations of job strain with PAD in each study, and combined the study-specific estimates in random effects meta-analyses. We used τ2, I2, and subgroup analyses to examine heterogeneity. Of the 139 132 participants with no previous hospitalization with PAD, 32 489 (23.4%) reported job strain at baseline. During 1 718 132 person-years at risk (mean follow-up 12.8 years), 667 individuals had a hospital record of PAD (3.88 per 10 000 person-years). Job strain was associated with a 1.41-fold (95% CI, 1.11-1.80) increased average risk of hospitalization with PAD. The study-specific estimates were moderately heterogeneous (τ2=0.0427, I2: 26.9%). Despite variation in their magnitude, the estimates were consistent in both sexes, across the socioeconomic hierarchy and by baseline smoking status. Additional adjustment for baseline diabetes mellitus did not change the direction or magnitude of the observed associations. Conclusions Job strain was associated with small but consistent increase in the risk of hospitalization with PAD, with the relative risks on par with those for coronary heart disease and ischemic stroke.
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| 5. |
- Bartosz, Gula, et al.
(författare)
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Verallgemeinerbarkeit von Entscheidungsstrategien auf wenig vertraute Situationen
- 2006
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Ingår i: Perspektiven psychologischer Forschung in Österreich. Proceedings zur 7. Wissenschaftlichen Tagung der Österreichischen Gesellschaft für Psychologie. ; , s. 30-37
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract in German Die Methode der ökologischen Kreuzvalidierung dient der Analyse der Beziehung zwischen Entscheidungsmodell und Umwelt. Dabei wird im Gegensatz zu traditionellen Formen der Kreuzvalidierung eine theoretisch-inhaltliche Unterscheidung zwischen Kalibrierungs- und Validierungsdaten vorgenommen. Die Performanz ausgewählter Entscheidungsmodelle bei der Validierung wird in Situationen überprüft, in denen diese auf „neue“ (strukturell heterogene) Umwelten verallgemeinert werden. Im Unterschied zu den Ergebnissen von Czerlinski, Goldstein und Gigerenzer (1999) zeigt dabei Dawes’s Rule eine deutliche höhere Korrektheitsrate. Es kristallisiert sich jedoch keine Entscheidungsstrategie heraus, die über alle simulierte Fälle die höchste Korrektheit aufweist.
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