| 1. |
- Caman, Shilan, et al.
(författare)
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Differentiating Male and Female Intimate Partner Homicide Perpetrators : A Study of Social, Criminological and Clinical Factors
- 2016
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Ingår i: International Journal of Forensic Mental Health. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1499-9013 .- 1932-9903. ; 15:1, s. 26-34
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is recognized that the majority of intimate partner homicide (IPH) victims are female; simultaneously, when females do commit homicide, they are more likely to perpetrate against an intimate partner. To date, there are only a few studies that discuss IPH across gender, leading to a gap of knowledge with regard to gender aspects of perpetration. The present nationwide study has a retrospective design, based on registries of all female (n = 9) and stratified male (n = 36) IPH committed in Sweden between 2007 and 2009. Our study suggests that female perpetrators are more likely to be unemployed, to have suffered from a substance abuse disorder at some point in life and to have been victimized by the victim. In other words, scrutiny of these characteristics reveals that females who commit partner-related homicides are qualitatively and clinically different from their male counterparts. Furthermore, the prevailing feature of intoxication in connection to the crime, both in male and female perpetrators, indicates that perpetrators might benefit from elements of substance abuse treatment in interventions targeting partner violence.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Caman, Shilan
(författare)
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Intimate partner homicide rates and characteristics
- 2017
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Aims: The overarching objective of present dissertation project is to study trends and characteristics of intimate partner homicide (IPH), and to investigate whether the trends and characteristics differ depending on homicide type or gender. Study I aims to compare rates of IPH and nonintimate partner homicide (non-IPH), and to examine gender-specific trends of IPH rates and characteristics. Study II aims to identify socio-demographic and criminological characteristics in perpetrators and victims of IPH, and to examine whether they differ from non-IPH. Study III aims to identify to what extent IPH and non-IPH perpetrators suffered from mental illness and mental disorder, prior or in connection to the offense, and to investigate history of mental illness and mental disorder in victims of IPH and non-IPH. Study IV aims to identify similarities and differences between male and female perpetration of IPH. Methods and Materials: Study I is based on the European Homicide Monitor, retrieved from the National Council for Crime Prevention, which holds information from police files, court verdicts and forensic psychiatric reports. The population-based study includes all solved homicides (N = 1,725) in Sweden between 1990 and 2013. The studies II-IV are based on data from the Forensic Homicide Database, which is a dataset created by the research group. The population-based dataset holds information from forensic autopsies, forensic psychiatric evaluations, forensic toxicological tests, the National Crime Register, the National Patient Register, preliminary police investigations, and court files. Study II and III are based on data on all maleperpetrated homicides (N = 211) in Sweden between 2007 and 2009, while study IV is based on all female-perpetrated (n = 9) and stratified male-perpetrated (n = 36) IPHs within the same time frame. Results and Conclusions: Study I illustrates distinct trends in rates across homicide types (IPH vs. non-IPH) and gender (female versus male perpetrated IPH). The study also elucidates a shift in characteristics over time in male-perpetrated IPHs. Study II demonstrates that IPH perpetrators are more conventional with regards to socio-demographics and criminal history. On the other hand, homicide-suicides are predominant in IPH perpetrators. Study III reveals that, irrespective of homicide type, only a minority of perpetrators suffer from mental illness. However, approximately one third of the perpetrators had been diagnosed with a mental disorder at some point in life. Study IV indicates that female IPH perpetrators differ from their male counterparts in terms of being more psychosocially aggravated and more likely to have been victimized by the male victim.
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| 4. |
- Caman, Shilan, et al.
(författare)
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Invisible Victims : Exploring Gendered Trends in Youth Intimate Partner Homicide
- 2024
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Ingår i: European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research. - : Springer Nature. - 0928-1371 .- 1572-9869.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Intimate partner homicide (IPH) constitutes the most extreme form of intimate partnerviolence. While this violent crime affects many of women all around the world, little isknown about this phenomenon when perpetrated against young victims. To date, no studyhas investigated trends of IPHs involving young victims. This study therefore aimed toinvestigate trends of IPHs in Sweden between 1990 and 2017, disaggregated by age-groupand gender. Using register data, this study compared opposite-sex relationship IPH com-mitted against young (≤ 25 years) and against adult (≥ 26 years) individuals, disaggregatedby gender. Using poisson regression modelling, our study demonstrates that while ratesof IPH against adult women has declined, the rate involving adolescent and young adultwomen has not. Our study also indicated a decreasing trend of IPH against adult men,albeit not significant. In conclusion, while IPH committed against adult women demon-strated a decrease over time, our findings suggest that IPH against young female victimshas remained stable the past 27 years. As youth IPH has been a neglected subject of re-search, these findings suggest that the policies to combat IPV and IPH may not be adaptedand tailored for the younger population
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| 5. |
- Guggenheimer, Denise, et al.
(författare)
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Criminal mutilation in Sweden from 1991 to 2017
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Forensic Sciences. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0022-1198 .- 1556-4029. ; 66:5, s. 1788-1796
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We identified 43 cases of mutilation homicides in a nationwide population-based study in Sweden during the period of 1991-2017. 70% of cases were classified as defensive mutilations where the main motive was disposal of the body, while 30% were classified as offensive, that is, due to an expression of strong aggression, necro-/sexual sadism, or psychiatric illness. In comparison with a previous study covering mutilation homicides in Sweden between 1961 and 1990, we noted an increase in incidence. The percentage of cases involving mutilation had increased from 0.5% of all homicides in the 1960s to 2.4% in the 2010s. The most common cause of death was sharp force, but in 28% of the cases, the cause of death could not be determined. The clearance rate in cases of mutilation homicide was 67%, and in a large majority of the cases, the offender was known to the victim. With regards to gender women made up 44% of the victims, whilst men constituted 56% of the victims and a total of 95% of the offenders. Half of the offenders had a personality disorder, however, only 13% were sentenced to forensic psychiatric care.
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| 6. |
- Sturup, Joakim, et al.
(författare)
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Homicide-suicide offences : description, classification and short case studies
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of criminal psychology. - 2009-3829. ; 5:3, s. 177-187
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose - Although homicide-suicide (H-S) offences are rare, they have remarkably tragic consequences. The purposes of this paper are to: examine the background characteristics of H-S offenders (including previous offending history and psychiatric elements); describe the crime-scene behavior and examine the motivational aspects of the offences; and to establish the reliability in the outlined typologies.Design/methodology/approach - The study consists of case series of all H-S offenders in Sweden, January 1, 2007 to December 31, 2009 (n = 13), and data was collected from medico-legal autopsy reports, police investigations and three national databases.Findings - Of all Swedish homicides, 5.5 percent consisted of H-S cases, and the rate of H-S was 0.05 per 100,000 inhabitants. Seven of the offenders had had previous contact with a psychiatric service, however, the average time between the last contact and the offence was slightly more than four years. Three of the offenders had previously been convicted of a violent crime and nine of the 13 offenders were involved in serious marital conflicts during the time of the offence. In conclusion, the study supports the notion that cases of H-S are mainly associated with intimate partner homicides, rather than suicide or other homicides. However, the offences were not always directly aimed toward the (former) spouse, but instead carried out through a proxy (such as a common child).Originality/value - The study adds in-depth knowledge by using a qualitative approach in an otherwise scarce area of research.
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| 7. |
- Sörman, Karolina, et al.
(författare)
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Reliability and Construct Validity of the Psychopathic Personality Inventory-Revised in a Swedish Non-Criminal Sample : A Multimethod Approach including Psychophysiological Correlates of Empathy for Pain
- 2016
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 11:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cross-cultural investigation of psychopathy measures is important for clarifying the nomological network surrounding the psychopathy construct. The Psychopathic Personality Inventory-Revised (PPI-R) is one of the most extensively researched self-report measures of psychopathic traits in adults. To date however, it has been examined primarily in North American criminal or student samples. To address this gap in the literature, we examined PPI-R’s reliability, construct validity and factor structure in non-criminal individuals (N = 227) in Sweden, using a multimethod approach including psychophysiological correlates of empathy for pain. PPI-R construct validity was investigated in subgroups of participants by exploring its degree of overlap with (i) the Psychopathy Checklist: Screening Version (PCL:SV), (ii) self-rated empathy and behavioral and physiological responses in an experiment on empathy for pain, and (iii) additional self-report measures of alexithymia and trait anxiety. The PPI-R total score was significantly associated with PCL:SV total and factor scores. The PPI-R Coldheartedness scale demonstrated significant negative associations with all empathy subscales and with rated unpleasantness and skin conductance responses in the empathy experiment. The PPI-R higher order Self-Centered Impulsivity and Fearless Dominance dimensions were associated with trait anxiety in opposite directions (positively and negatively, respectively). Overall, the results demonstrated solid reliability (test-retest and internal consistency) and promising but somewhat mixed construct validity for the Swedish translation of the PPI-R.
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