| 1. |
- Nilsson, Lars J., et al.
(författare)
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A European industrial development policy for prosperity and zero emissions
- 2020
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Ingår i: ECEEE Industrial Summer Study : Decarbonise Industry! 2020 - Proceedings - Decarbonise Industry! 2020 - Proceedings. - 2001-7979 .- 2001-7987. - 9789198387865 ; 2020-September, s. 457-466
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of this paper is to outline and discuss the key elements of an EU industrial development policy consistent with the Paris Agreement. We also assess the current EU Industrial Strategy proposal against these elements. The “well below 2 °C” target sets a clear limit for future global greenhouse gas emissions and thus strict boundaries for the development of future material demand, industrial processes and the sourcing of feedstock; industry must evolve to zero emissions or pay for expensive negative emissions elsewhere. An industrial policy for transformation to net-zero emissions must include attention to directed technological and economic structural change, the demand for emissions intensive products and services, energy and material efficiency, circular economy, electrification and other net-zero fuel switching, and carbon capture and use or storage (CCUS). It may also entail geographical relocation of key basic materials industries to regions endowed with renewable energy. In this paper we review recent trends in green industrial policy. We find that it has generally focused on promoting new green technologies (e.g., PVs, batteries, fuel cells and biorefineries) rather than on decarbonizing the emissions intensive basic materials industries, or strategies for handling the phase-out or repurposing of sunset industries (e.g., replacing fossil fuel feedstocks for chemicals). Based on knowledge about industry and potential mitigation options, and insights from economics, governance and innovation studies, we propose a framework for the purpose of developing and evaluating industrial policy for net-zero emissions. This framework recognizes the need for: directionality; innovation; creating lead markets for green materials and reshaping existing markets; building capacity for governance and change; coherence with the international climate policy regime; and finally the need for a just transition. We find the announced EU Industrial Strategy to be strong on most elements, but weak on transition governance approaches, the need for capacity building, and creating lead markets.
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| 2. |
- Viola, N., et al.
(författare)
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H2020 STRATOFLY PROJECT : FROM EUROPE TO AUSTRALIA IN LESS THAN 3 HOURS
- 2021
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Ingår i: 32nd Congress of the International Council of the Aeronautical Sciences, ICAS 2021. - 9783932182914
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- As eluded in previous studies, with special reference to those carried out in the European framework, some innovative high-speed aircraft configurations have now the potential to assure an economically viable high-speed aircraft fleet. They make use of unexploited flight routes in the stratosphere, offering a solution to the presently congested flight paths while ensuring a minimum environmental impact in terms of emitted noise and green-house gases, particularly during stratospheric cruise. However, only a dedicated multi-disciplinary integrated design approach could realize this, by considering airframe architectures embedding the propulsion systems as well as meticulously integrating crucial subsystems. In this context, starting from an in-depth investigation of the current status of the activities, the STRATOFLY project has been funded by the European Commission, under the framework of Horizon 2020 plan, with the aim of assessing the potential of this type of high-speed transport vehicle to reach Technology Readiness Level (TRL) 6 by 2035, with respect to key technological, societal and economical aspects. This paper aims at summarizing the main results achieved so far to solve the main issues related to thermal and structural integrity, low-emissions combined propulsion cycles, subsystems design and integration, including smart energy management, environmental aspects impacting climate change, noise emissions and social acceptance, and economic viability accounting for safety and human factors.
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| 3. |
- Le Bescond, V., et al.
(författare)
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Population noise exposure modelling using large scale multi-agent simulation
- 2023
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Ingår i: Forum Acusticum 2023 - 10th Convention of the European Acoustics Association, EAA 2023. - : European Acoustics Association, EAA.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Modelling the noise exposure for a given population is essential in order to assess its potential environmental health issues and to guide authorities in their urban planning or transportation policies. This paper introduces a new method for evaluating noise exposure of large-scale populations based on MATSim, an open- source agent-based transportation simulator. A list of agents, i.e. a synthetic population, is generated using available census and travel surveys, and are used in the transport simulation. The description of the agents includes their socio-professional profile. The resulting vehicle movements are then used in NoiseModelling, an open-source CNOSSOS-EU implementation for noise emission and propagation, to compute the noise levels every time step, typically every 15mn. Agents are then followed in their daily schedule and a noise level is assigned to them every time step. The result is a 24h noise level time history for every agent. Opportunities for analysis are discussed, such as the detailed population exposure assessment and the investigation of environmental justice issues. A case study is presented and some use cases are explored. Finally, a similar coupling for air pollutants (CO2, NOx, ...) using the HBEFA emission database and the SIRANE dispersion model is under development that will enable multi-exposure assessments.
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| 4. |
- Nilsson, Lars J, et al.
(författare)
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An industrial policy framework for transforming energy and emissions intensive industries towards zero emissions
- 2021
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Ingår i: Climate Policy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1469-3062 .- 1752-7457. ; 21:8, s. 1053-1065
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The target of zero emissions sets a new standard for industry and industrial policy. Industrial policy in the twenty-first century must aim to achieve zero emissions in the energy and emissions intensive industries. Sectors such as steel, cement, and chemicals have so far largely been sheltered from the effects of climate policy. A major shift is needed, from contemporary industrial policy that mainly protects industry to policy strategies that transform the industry. For this purpose, we draw on a wide range of literatures including engineering, economics, policy, governance, and innovation studies to propose a comprehensive industrial policy framework. The policy framework relies on six pillars: directionality, knowledge creation and innovation, creating and reshaping markets, building capacity for governance and change, international coherence, and sensitivity to socio-economic implications of phase-outs. Complementary solutions relying on technological, organizational, and behavioural change must be pursued in parallel and throughout whole value chains. Current policy is limited to supporting mainly some options, e.g. energy efficiency and recycling, with some regions also adopting carbon pricing, although most often exempting the energy and emissions intensive industries. An extended range of options, such as demand management, materials efficiency, and electrification, must also be pursued to reach zero emissions. New policy research and evaluation approaches are needed to support and assess progress as these industries have hitherto largely been overlooked in domestic climate policy as well as international negotiations. Key policy insights Energy and emission intensive industries can no longer be complacent about the necessity of zero greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Zero emissions require profound technology and organizational changes across whole material value chains, from primary production to reduced demand, recycling and end-of-life of metals, cement, plastics, and other materials. New climate and industrial policies are necessary to transform basic materials industries, which are so far relatively sheltered from climate mitigation. It is important to complement technology R&D with the reshaping of markets and strengthened governance capacities in this emerging policy domain. Industrial transformation can be expected to take centre stage in future international climate policy and negotiations.
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