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- Elkayal, Omar, et al.
(författare)
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Population pharmacokinetics of cefazolin in maternal and umbilical cord plasma, and simulated exposure in term neonates
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. - : Oxford University Press. - 0305-7453 .- 1460-2091. ; 76:12, s. 3229-3236
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundIntra-partum cefazolin is used to prevent group B Streptococcus (GBS) vertical transmission in mothers allergic to penicillin without a history of anaphylaxis.ObjectivesTo investigate the maternal cefazolin dose–exposure relationship and subsequent maternal and neonatal target attainment at delivery.MethodsData were obtained from 24 healthy, GBS-colonized pregnant women (20–41 years), undergoing vaginal delivery (gestational age ≥37 weeks). During labour, all women received a 2 g cefazolin IV infusion. Eight hours later, eight women received another 1 g in the event of delayed (>8 h) delivery. Next to maternal plasma concentrations (up to 10 per dosing interval, until delivery), venous and arterial umbilical cord concentrations were determined at delivery. Target attainment in maternal/neonatal plasma was set at 1 mg/L for 60% of the dosing interval (unbound cefazolin, worst-case clinical breakpoint). A population pharmacokinetic (popPK) model was built (NONMEM 7.4). ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01295606.ResultsAt delivery, maternal blood and arterial umbilical cord unbound cefazolin concentrations were >1 mg/L in 23/24 (95.8%) and 11/12 (91.7%), respectively. The popPK of cefazolin in pregnant women was described by a two-compartment model with first-order elimination. Two additional compartments described the venous and arterial umbilical cord concentration data. Cefazolin target attainment was adequate in the studied cohort, where delivery occurred no later than 6.5 h after either the first or the second dose. PopPK simulations showed adequate maternal and umbilical cord exposure for 12 h following the first dose.ConclusionsPopPK simulations showed that standard pre-delivery maternal cefazolin dosing provided adequate target attainment up to the time of delivery.
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| 2. |
- Naveau, Elise, et al.
(författare)
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Alteration of rat fetal cerebral cortex development after prenatal exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls
- 2014
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : PLOS. - 1932-6203. ; 9:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are environmental contaminants that persist in environment and human tissues. Perinatal exposure to these endocrine disruptors causes cognitive deficits and learning disabilities in children. These effects may involve their ability to interfere with thyroid hormone (TH) action. We tested the hypothesis that developmental exposure to PCBs can concomitantly alter TH levels and TH-regulated events during cerebral cortex development: progenitor proliferation, cell cycle exit and neuron migration. Pregnant rats exposed to the commercial PCB mixture Aroclor 1254 ended gestation with reduced total and free serum thyroxine levels. Exposure to Aroclor 1254 increased cell cycle exit of the neuronal progenitors and delayed radial neuronal migration in the fetal cortex. Progenitor cell proliferation, cell death and differentiation rate were not altered by prenatal exposure to PCBs. Given that PCBs remain ubiquitous, though diminishing, contaminants in human systems, it is important that we further understand their deleterious effects in the brain.
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