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| 2. |
- Bangar, H., et al.
(författare)
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Large Spin-To-Charge Conversion at the Two-Dimensional Interface of Transition-Metal Dichalcogenides and Permalloy
- 2022
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Ingår i: ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1944-8244 .- 1944-8252. ; 14:36, s. 41598-41604
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Spin-to-charge conversion is an essential requirement for the implementation of spintronic devices. Recently, monolayers (MLs) of semiconducting transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have attracted considerable interest for spin-to-charge conversion due to their high spin-orbit coupling and lack of inversion symmetry in their crystal structure. However, reports of direct measurement of spin-to-charge conversion at TMD-based interfaces are very much limited. Here, we report on the room-temperature observation of a large spin-to-charge conversion arising from the interface of Ni80Fe20 (Py) and four distinct large-area (similar to 5 x 2 mm(2)) ML TMDs, namely, MoS2, MoSe2, WS2, and WSe2. We show that both spin mixing conductance and the Rashba efficiency parameter (lambda(IREE)) scale with the spin-orbit coupling strength of the ML TMD layers. The lambda(IREE) parameter is found to range between -0.54 and -0.76 nm for the four ML TMDs, demonstrating a large spin-to-charge conversion. Our findings reveal that the TMD/ferromagnet interface can be used for efficient generation and detection of spin current, opening new opportunities for novel spintronic devices.
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| 3. |
- Mishra, Deepak, 1990-, et al.
(författare)
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Charging time characterization for wireless RF energy transfer
- 2015
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems - II - Express Briefs. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 1549-7747 .- 1558-3791. ; 62:4, s. 362-366
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Wireless energy transfer to the onboard energy storage element using dedicated radio frequency (RF) energy source has the potential to provide sustained network operations by recharging the sensor nodes on demand. To determine the efficiency of RF energy transfer (RFET), characterization of recharging process is needed. Different from classical capacitor-charging operation, the incident RF waves provide constant power (instead of constant voltage or current) to the storage element, which requires a new theoretical framework for analyzing the charging behavior. This work develops the charging equation for replenishing an energy-depleted storage element by RFET. Since the remaining energy on a sensor node is a random parameter, the RF charging time distribution for a given residual voltage distribution is also derived. The analytical model is validated through hardware experiments and simulations.
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| 4. |
- Haynes, R.J., et al.
(författare)
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New high temperature gas flow cell developed at ISIS
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Physics: Conference Series. - : IOP Publishing. - 1742-6588 .- 1742-6596. ; 251:1, s. Art. no. 012090-
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A flow-through quartz gas cell, together with a gas flow control and monitoring system, has been designed and constructed at ISIS. This equipment allows neutron powder diffraction data to be collected on samples at temperatures up to around 1300 K when exposed to user chosen mixtures of O2, Ar, CO2, and CO. By exploiting the sensitivity of neutrons to the presence of light atoms such as oxygen, it is possible to probe the crystal structure of oxide materials as a function of oxygen partial pressures down to log 10p(O2) of about -20. The resultant structural information can then be correlated with the bulk properties of the materials, whose research and technological interests lie in fields such as energy production, storage materials, catalysis, and earth science.
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| 5. |
- Jakariya, Md., et al.
(författare)
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Sustainable safe water options in Bangladesh : experiences from the Arsenic Project at Matlab (AsMat)
- 2005
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Ingår i: Natural Arsenic in Groundwater. - LEIDEN : A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS. - 041536700X ; , s. 319-330
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The presence of elevated levels of naturally occurring arsenic in groundwater of Bangladesh, has severely impaired the decade long effort of providing safe water to nearly 98% of its population and putting an estimated 3 5 million people-nearly one fourth of the total population at risk. In order to address this problem, a project titled "Arsenic in tubewell (TW) water and health consequences in Matlab Upazila of Chandpur district (AsMat)" is being implemented jointly by ICDDR,B and BRAC. During this study. all the TWs in Matlab have been assigned unique identification numbers, with marked GPS coordinates, depth, and age. It is estimated that nearly 65% of the about 13,000 TWs in Matlab have As concentrations above the Bangladesh drinking water standard (50 mu g/L). In order to minimize arsenic exposure, a work to provide various alternate safe drinking water options to the exposed population has been initiated. As of March 2004, about 1047 different alternate safe water options, such as Pond Sand Filter (PSF), Rainwater Harvester (RWH) and different filters to remove arsenic as well as pathogenic bacteria, were distributed among the targeted exposed population in Matlab. To ensure sustainable use, the provided options were assessed based on community acceptability, technical viability, and financial viability.
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| 6. |
- Van Sprang, P. A., et al.
(författare)
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The derivation of effects threshold concentrations of lead for European freshwater ecosystems
- 2016
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Ingår i: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0730-7268 .- 1552-8618. ; 35:5, s. 1310-1320
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The main objective of the present study was to derive ecologically relevant effect threshold concentrations of (dissolved) Pb for selected European Union (EU) freshwater rivers, using the 2008EU Voluntary Risk Assessment Report as a starting point and more advanced methodologies than those used in the Voluntary Risk Assessment Report. This included 1) implementing more robust quality criteria for selecting chronic toxicity data; 2) the conversion of total to dissolved Pb concentrations using a combination of an empirical equation relating inorganic Pb solubility and geochemical speciation modeling to account for effects of dissolved organic matter; 3) the use of bioavailability models for chronic toxicity for species belonging to 3 different trophic levels; and 4) the use of robust methods for large data set handling (such as species sensitivity distribution [SSD] analysis). The authors used published bioavailability models for an algal species (Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata) and a daphnid (Ceriodaphnia dubia) and developed a new model for the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas). The research has shown that these models are also useful for, and reasonably accurate in, predicting chronic toxicity to other species, including a snail, a rotifer, midge larvae, and an aquatic plant (read-across). A comprehensive chronic toxicity data set for Pb was compiled, comprising 159 individual high-quality toxicity data for 25 different species. By applying the total dissolved conversion and the bioavailability models, normalized toxicity values were obtained, which were then entered into a SSD analysis. Based on the parametric best-fitting SSDs, the authors calculated that ecological threshold concentrations of Pb protecting 95% of freshwater species for 7 selected European freshwater scenarios were between 6.3μg dissolved Pb/L and 31.1μg dissolved Pb/L. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:1310-1320.
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