| 1. |
- Fortes-Lima, Cesar A., PhD, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
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Population structure and admixture during the expansion of Bantu-speaking peoples across sub-Saharan Africa
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The migration of Bantu-speaking groups out of West Africa, thought to have started around 4 000 years ago, is known as the Bantu expansion. This movement of people changed the genetic landscape of sub-equatorial Africa. To investigate the demographic history and population structure in Bantu-speaking populations (BSP), we genotyped 1,740 individuals, including 1,487 Bantu speakers from 143 populations across 13 sub-Saharan African countries. We find patterns of fine-scale population structure that correlate with linguistics and geography. Bantu speakers received significant amounts of admixture through interaction with local groups from the regions that they expanded into. Spatial modeling indicated possible migration corridors during the Bantu-expansion. Inferences based on modern-day genomes, however, need to be supported by ancient DNA studies. We demonstrated the utility of our dataset as an exhaustive modern-day African comparative dataset for ancient DNA studies by comparing our data to published aDNA studies. By gathering the largest set of genome-wide data to date, enriched with new data from previously unsampled regions and people, we shed new light on the intricacies of the Bantu expansion.
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| 2. |
- Fortes-Lima, Cesar A., PhD, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
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The genetic legacy of the expansion of Bantu-speaking peoples in Africa
- 2024
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Nature. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 625:7995, s. 540-547
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The expansion of people speaking Bantu languages is the most dramatic demographic event in Late Holocene Africa and fundamentally reshaped the linguistic, cultural and biological landscape of the continent1-7. With a comprehensive genomic dataset, including newly generated data of modern-day and ancient DNA from previously unsampled regions in Africa, we contribute insights into this expansion that started 6,000-4,000 years ago in western Africa. We genotyped 1,763 participants, including 1,526 Bantu speakers from 147 populations across 14 African countries, and generated whole-genome sequences from 12 Late Iron Age individuals8. We show that genetic diversity amongst Bantu-speaking populations declines with distance from western Africa, with current-day Zambia and the Democratic Republic of Congo as possible crossroads of interaction. Using spatially explicit methods9 and correlating genetic, linguistic and geographical data, we provide cross-disciplinary support for a serial-founder migration model. We further show that Bantu speakers received significant gene flow from local groups in regions they expanded into. Our genetic dataset provides an exhaustive modern-day African comparative dataset for ancient DNA studies10 and will be important to a wide range of disciplines from science and humanities, as well as to the medical sector studying human genetic variation and health in African and African-descendant populations.
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| 3. |
- Jones, Benedict C, et al.
(författare)
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To which world regions does the valence-dominance model of social perception apply?
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nature Human Behaviour. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2397-3374. ; 5:1, s. 159-169
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Over the past 10 years, Oosterhof and Todorov's valence-dominance model has emerged as the most prominent account of how people evaluate faces on social dimensions. In this model, two dimensions (valence and dominance) underpin social judgements of faces. Because this model has primarily been developed and tested in Western regions, it is unclear whether these findings apply to other regions. We addressed this question by replicating Oosterhof and Todorov's methodology across 11 world regions, 41 countries and 11,570 participants. When we used Oosterhof and Todorov's original analysis strategy, the valence-dominance model generalized across regions. When we used an alternative methodology to allow for correlated dimensions, we observed much less generalization. Collectively, these results suggest that, while the valence-dominance model generalizes very well across regions when dimensions are forced to be orthogonal, regional differences are revealed when we use different extraction methods and correlate and rotate the dimension reduction solution. PROTOCOL REGISTRATION: The stage 1 protocol for this Registered Report was accepted in principle on 5 November 2018. The protocol, as accepted by the journal, can be found at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.7611443.v1 .
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| 4. |
- Lankheet, Imke, 1995-, et al.
(författare)
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Maternal histories of sub-Saharan Africa revealed through sequencing of complete mitochondrial genomes
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The African continent, known for the richest diversity of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), offers invaluable insights into maternal lineage histories. We developed a long-range sequence assay to amplify full-sequence mitochondrial genomes, and used it to generate mitochondrial sequences from underrepresented regions in Africa. We successfully reconstructed 1288 complete mitochondrial genomes from 14 countries across sub-Saharan Africa. These genomes are important for delineating mitochondrial haplogroups and tracing maternal ancestry. Following merging and comparative analyses with over 3600 available African mitochondrial genomes, we provide a comprehensive overview of African mitochondrial haplogroups and give insights into the maternal genetic background of the African continent, including branch diversity and coalescent dates. Through the assessment of effective population sizes over time, we date the onset of the expansion of Niger-Congo and Mande speakers to 17 thousand years ago (kya) and the Bantu Expansion to 6 kya. Additionally, our findings suggest that haplogroup L3e was one of the major haplogroups of the original expanding Bantu-speaking groups, and that the Bantu Expansion brought it to many parts of the continent. We confirm the significance of L3e as a crucial marker for the Bantu Expansion, unveiling its central role for the first time in this context. In summary, our study not only enhances our understanding of African mitochondrial diversity and maternal lineage histories, it also sheds light on significant demographic events such as the Niger-Congo and Bantu Expansions. These findings underscore the potential of mitochondrial genetics in unraveling the rich tapestry of African ancestry and migration patterns throughout history.
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| 5. |
- Lankheet, Imke, 1995-, et al.
(författare)
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Y chromosome diversity and geographical patterns in sub-Saharan Africa
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The non-recombining portion of the Y chromosome (NRY) offers a valuable tool for studying paternal history among populations. In this study, we utilized target enrichment to sequence 2.36 Mb of the NRY in 369 males across 28 sites in 11 sub-Saharan African countries. We identify three different types of geographical distributions of Y haplogroups: those with restricted occurrence in southern Africa such as A1b1b2a (A-M51); those with a wide distribution across sub-Saharan Africa such as E1b1a1 (E-M2) Y haplogroups and a third group of Y haplogroups, which are known to be of non-African origin and that show extremely localized occurrence. We also show that the Bantu-speaking Lemba and Remba populations have a distinct Y haplogroup composition from other Bantu-speaking groups, which is in correspondence with their oral histories. This unique genetic composition emphasizes their distinct paternal histories, compared to other Bantu-speaking populations, who show high occurrences (57-100%) of Y haplogroup E1b1a1 (E-M2). Overall, this study gives an overview of the paternal lineages of the studied populations, and identifies three types of geographical distributions of Y haplogroups across sub-Saharan Africa.
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| 6. |
- Vicente, Mário, et al.
(författare)
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Male-biased migration from East Africa introduced pastoralism into southern Africa
- 2021
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Ingår i: BMC Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1741-7007. ; 19:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Hunter-gatherer lifestyles dominated the southern African landscape up to ~ 2000 years ago, when herding and farming groups started to arrive in the area. First, herding and livestock, likely of East African origin, appeared in southern Africa, preceding the arrival of the large-scale Bantu-speaking agro-pastoralist expansion that introduced West African-related genetic ancestry into the area. Present-day Khoekhoe-speaking Namaqua (or Nama in short) pastoralists show high proportions of East African admixture, linking the East African ancestry with Khoekhoe herders. Most other historical Khoekhoe populations have, however, disappeared over the last few centuries and their contribution to the genetic structure of present-day populations is not well understood. In our study, we analyzed genome-wide autosomal and full mitochondrial data from a population who trace their ancestry to the Khoekhoe-speaking Hessequa herders from the southern Cape region of what is now South Africa.Results: We generated genome-wide data from 162 individuals and mitochondrial DNA data of a subset of 87 individuals, sampled in the Western Cape Province, South Africa, where the Hessequa population once lived. Using available comparative data from Khoe-speaking and related groups, we aligned genetic date estimates and admixture proportions to the archaeological proposed dates and routes for the arrival of the East African pastoralists in southern Africa. We identified several Afro-Asiatic-speaking pastoralist groups from Ethiopia and Tanzania who share high affinities with the East African ancestry present in southern Africa. We also found that the East African pastoralist expansion was heavily male-biased, akin to a pastoralist migration previously observed on the genetic level in ancient Europe, by which Pontic-Caspian Steppe pastoralist groups represented by the Yamnaya culture spread across the Eurasian continent during the late Neolithic/Bronze Age.Conclusion: We propose that pastoralism in southern Africa arrived through male-biased migration of an East African Afro-Asiatic-related group(s) who introduced new subsistence and livestock practices to local southern African hunter-gatherers. Our results add to the understanding of historical human migration and mobility in Africa, connected to the spread of food-producing and livestock practices.
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