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- Drake, TM, et al.
(författare)
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Surgical site infection after gastrointestinal surgery in children: an international, multicentre, prospective cohort study
- 2020
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Ingår i: BMJ global health. - : BMJ. - 2059-7908. ; 5:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most common healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). However, there is a lack of data available about SSI in children worldwide, especially from low-income and middle-income countries. This study aimed to estimate the incidence of SSI in children and associations between SSI and morbidity across human development settings.MethodsA multicentre, international, prospective, validated cohort study of children aged under 16 years undergoing clean-contaminated, contaminated or dirty gastrointestinal surgery. Any hospital in the world providing paediatric surgery was eligible to contribute data between January and July 2016. The primary outcome was the incidence of SSI by 30 days. Relationships between explanatory variables and SSI were examined using multilevel logistic regression. Countries were stratified into high development, middle development and low development groups using the United Nations Human Development Index (HDI).ResultsOf 1159 children across 181 hospitals in 51 countries, 523 (45·1%) children were from high HDI, 397 (34·2%) from middle HDI and 239 (20·6%) from low HDI countries. The 30-day SSI rate was 6.3% (33/523) in high HDI, 12·8% (51/397) in middle HDI and 24·7% (59/239) in low HDI countries. SSI was associated with higher incidence of 30-day mortality, intervention, organ-space infection and other HAIs, with the highest rates seen in low HDI countries. Median length of stay in patients who had an SSI was longer (7.0 days), compared with 3.0 days in patients who did not have an SSI. Use of laparoscopy was associated with significantly lower SSI rates, even after accounting for HDI.ConclusionThe odds of SSI in children is nearly four times greater in low HDI compared with high HDI countries. Policies to reduce SSI should be prioritised as part of the wider global agenda.
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- Toma, M, et al.
(författare)
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Left Heart Disease Phenotype in Elderly Patients with Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Insights from the Italian PATRIARCA Registry
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of clinical medicine. - : MDPI AG. - 2077-0383. ; 11:23
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) in the elderly is often associated with left heart disease (LHD), prompting concerns about the use of pulmonary vasodilators. The PATRIARCA registry enrolled ≥70 year-old PAH or chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) patients at 11 Italian centers from 1 December 2019 through 15 September 2022. After excluding those with CTEPH, post-capillary PH at the diagnostic right heart catheterization (RHC), and/or incomplete data, 23 (33%) of a total of 69 subjects met the criteria proposed in the AMBITION trial to suspect LHD. Diabetes [9 (39%) vs. 6 (13%), p = 0.01] and chronic kidney disease [14 (61%) vs. 12 (26%), p = 0.003] were more common, and the last RHC pulmonary artery wedge pressure [14 ± 5 vs. 10 ± 3 mmHg, p < 0.001] was higher and pulmonary vascular resistance [5.56 ± 3.31 vs. 8.30 ± 4.80, p = 0.02] was lower in LHD than non-LHD patients. However, PAH therapy was similar, with 13 (57%) and 23 (50%) subjects, respectively, taking two oral drugs. PAH medication patterns remained comparable between LHD and non-LHD patients also when the former [37, 54%] were identified by atrial fibrillation and echocardiographic features of LHD, in addition to the AMBITION criteria. In this real-world snapshot, elderly PAH patients were treated with pulmonary vasodilators, including combinations, despite a remarkable prevalence of a LHD phenotype.
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- Sanz, R., et al.
(författare)
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Effects on the structural and magnetic properties of amorphous ribbons of (Co0.94Fe0.06)(72.5)Si12.5B15 caused by 4 MeV Cl2+ ion irradiation
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-3093 .- 1873-4812. ; 353:8-10, s. 879-882
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The use of energetic ion irradiation to modify magnetic materials has attracted increasing interest in recent years. The possibility of patterning surfaces on these materials offers a wide range of potential applications particularly in technologies related to magnetic storage media, sensing devices and electromagnetic shielding materials. In this work, ultrasoft non-magnetostrictive (Co0.94Fe0.06)72.5Si12.5B15 amorphous ribbons, 50 μm thick and 0.85 mm wide, fabricated by the chilly block melt spinning technique are irradiated, in their amorphous state, by 4 MeV Cl2+ ions with a fluence of 5 × 1013 cm-2. The hysteresis properties of both irradiated and non-irradiated samples are characterized by means of a vibrating sample magnetometer while surface magnetic domain structure is observed by Bitter technique. The presence of an induced magnetic anisotropy in irradiated samples is ascribed to the local damage, caused by ion irradiation treatment, which results in modified coercive field and permeability of the samples. X-ray diffraction results are presented to confirm the amorphicity of the structure even after irradiation with ions.
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- Illuminati, S., et al.
(författare)
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In-situ trace metal (Cd, Pb, Cu) speciation along the Po River plume (Northern Adriatic Sea) using submersible systems
- 2019
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Ingår i: Marine Chemistry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0304-4203. ; 212, s. 47-63
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Information on the distribution and speciation of trace metals is of critical importance for our ability to interpret the links between the bioavailability and uptake of an element, and its biogeochemical cycle in coastal environments. Within the framework of the European Project "In-situ automated Monitoring of Trace metal speciation in Estuaries and Coastal zones in relation with the biogeochemical processes (IMTEC)", the chemical speciation of Cd, Pb and Cu was carried out along the Po River plume in the period 27 October - 2 November 2002. During the cruise, five Voltammetric In-situ Profiling systems and one Multi Physical Chemical Profiler, as well as conventional voltammetric instruments, were successfully applied in order to evaluate the distribution of Cd, Pb and Cu between different fractions (free ion, dynamic, colloidal, dissolved and particulate fractions) and to assess the evolution of these fractions during estuarine mixing and in the water column. Dynamic concentrations were 0.05-0.2 nmol L-1 Cd, 0.02-0.2 nmol L-1 Pb, and 0.15-4.0 nmol L-1 Cu. Cd was mainly present as dynamic fraction (40-100% of the dissolved Cd). High proportions of Pb (similar to 70%) and Cu (similar to 80%) were present as colloids probably of biogenic origin. Principal components analysis reveals a strong influence of the Po River discharge on the spatial and vertical distributions of metal species. Almost all the metal fractions globally decreased following the salinity gradient. Metal concentrations are far below (at least one order of magnitude lower) the Environmental Quality Standard established by the Italian law. However, the Cu dynamic fraction showed concentrations likely to be toxic to sensitive phytoplankton community and to have negative effects on larva development of coastal macroinvertebrate species (toxicity data extracted from literature).
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- Giampietro, C, et al.
(författare)
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The alternative splicing factor Nova2 regulates vascular development and lumen formation
- 2015
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Ingår i: Nature communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 6, s. 8479-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Vascular lumen formation is a fundamental step during angiogenesis; yet, the molecular mechanisms underlying this process are poorly understood. Recent studies have shown that neural and vascular systems share common anatomical, functional and molecular similarities. Here we show that the organization of endothelial lumen is controlled at the post-transcriptional level by the alternative splicing (AS) regulator Nova2, which was previously considered to be neural cell-specific. Nova2 is expressed during angiogenesis and its depletion disrupts vascular lumen formation in vivo. Similarly, Nova2 depletion in cultured endothelial cells (ECs) impairs the apical distribution and the downstream signalling of the Par polarity complex, resulting in altered EC polarity, a process required for vascular lumen formation. These defects are linked to AS changes of Nova2 target exons affecting the Par complex and its regulators. Collectively, our results reveal that Nova2 functions as an AS regulator in angiogenesis and is a novel member of the ‘angioneurins’ family.
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