| 1. |
- Botvinik-Nezer, Rotem, et al.
(author)
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Variability in the analysis of a single neuroimaging dataset by many teams
- 2020
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In: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 582, s. 84-88
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Data analysis workflows in many scientific domains have become increasingly complex and flexible. Here we assess the effect of this flexibility on the results of functional magnetic resonance imaging by asking 70 independent teams to analyse the same dataset, testing the same 9 ex-ante hypotheses(1). The flexibility of analytical approaches is exemplified by the fact that no two teams chose identical workflows to analyse the data. This flexibility resulted in sizeable variation in the results of hypothesis tests, even for teams whose statistical maps were highly correlated at intermediate stages of the analysis pipeline. Variation in reported results was related to several aspects of analysis methodology. Notably, a meta-analytical approach that aggregated information across teams yielded a significant consensus in activated regions. Furthermore, prediction markets of researchers in the field revealed an overestimation of the likelihood of significant findings, even by researchers with direct knowledge of the dataset(2-5). Our findings show that analytical flexibility can have substantial effects on scientific conclusions, and identify factors that may be related to variability in the analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging. The results emphasize the importance of validating and sharing complex analysis workflows, and demonstrate the need for performing and reporting multiple analyses of the same data. Potential approaches that could be used to mitigate issues related to analytical variability are discussed. The results obtained by seventy different teams analysing the same functional magnetic resonance imaging dataset show substantial variation, highlighting the influence of analytical choices and the importance of sharing workflows publicly and performing multiple analyses.
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| 2. |
- Watts, Nick, et al.
(author)
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Health and climate change : policy responses to protect public health
- 2015
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In: The Lancet. - 0140-6736 .- 1474-547X. ; 386:10006, s. 1861-1914
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The 2015 Lancet Commission on Health and Climate Change has been formed to map out the impacts of climate change, and the necessary policy responses, in order to ensure the highest attainable standards of health for populations worldwide. This Commission is multidisciplinary and international in nature, with strong collaboration between academic centres in Europe and China. The central finding from the Commission's work is that tackling climate change could be the greatest global health opportunity of the 21st century. The key messages from the Commission are summarised below, accompanied by ten underlying recommendations to accelerate action in the next 5 years.
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| 3. |
- Farnel, Sharon, et al.
(author)
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The decolonization of arctic library and archives metadata (DALAM) thematic network at the University of the Artic
- 2024
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In: Library and information sciences in arctic and northern studies. - Cham : Springer. - 9783031547140 - 9783031547171 - 9783031547157 ; , s. 25-39
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- In 2022, the Polar Libraries Colloquy created a thematic network within the University of the Arctic thematic network’s structure to address the decolonization of metadata. Metadata, including archival description, subject headings, and other descriptive terminology, sometimes includes terms that are offensive to Indigenous peoples, incorrect, or too general to be useful. The purpose of the Decolonization of Arctic Library and Archives Metadata (DALAM) thematic network is to create an alliance of librarians, archivists, and other information professionals working in metadata decolonization. The network, provisionally approved in 2022, focuses on member education and information as well as resource sharing with the goal of improving efficiencies in circumpolar metadata decolonization efforts. This chapter details the creation of DALAM, its purpose, and its future activities.
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