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- Cuzick, Jack, et al.
(författare)
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Prevention and early detection of prostate cancer.
- 2014
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Ingår i: The Lancet Oncology. - 1470-2045 .- 1474-5488. ; 15:11, s. e484-92
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Prostate cancer is a common malignancy in men and the worldwide burden of this disease is rising. Lifestyle modifications such as smoking cessation, exercise, and weight control offer opportunities to reduce the risk of developing prostate cancer. Early detection of prostate cancer by prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening is controversial, but changes in the PSA threshold, frequency of screening, and the use of other biomarkers have the potential to minimise the overdiagnosis associated with PSA screening. Several new biomarkers for individuals with raised PSA concentrations or those diagnosed with prostate cancer are likely to identify individuals who can be spared aggressive treatment. Several pharmacological agents such as 5α-reductase inhibitors and aspirin could prevent development of prostate cancer. In this Review, we discuss the present evidence and research questions regarding prevention, early detection of prostate cancer, and management of men either at high risk of prostate cancer or diagnosed with low-grade prostate cancer.
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- Cuzick, J, et al.
(författare)
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Perimenopausal risk factors and future health
- 2011
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Ingår i: Human reproduction update. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1460-2369 .- 1355-4786. ; 17:5, s. 706-717
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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- Lundgren, Katja, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of cyclin D-1 gene amplification and protein expression on time to recurrence in postmenopausal breast cancer patients treated with anastrozole or tamoxifen: a TransATAC study
- 2012
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Ingår i: Breast Cancer Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1465-542X .- 1465-5411. ; 14:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Gene amplification of CCND1 is observed in a subgroup of breast cancers with poor prognosis, whereas overexpression of the protein cyclin D-1 has been linked to both worse and better clinical outcome. CCND1 amplification and protein overexpression have also been associated with resistance to treatment with tamoxifen or even to a potentially detrimental effect of tamoxifen. Methods: To clarify these challenging and partly contrasting treatment predictive and prognostic links for cyclin D-1 we analysed a large cohort of postmenopausal breast cancer patients randomised to receive either adjuvant anastrozole or tamoxifen, as part of the Arimidex, Tamoxifen, Alone or in Combination (ATAC) trial. The CCND1 amplification status and protein expression of cyclin D-1 were assessed by chromogenic in situ hybridisation and immunohistochemistry, respectively, in 1,155 postmenopausal, oestrogen-receptor-positive breast cancer patients included in the TransATAC substudy. Results: Amplification of CCND1 was observed in 8.7% of the tumours and was associated with increased risk of disease recurrence (hazard ratio = 1.61; 95% confidence interval, 1.08 to 2.41) after adjustment for other clinicopathological parameters. In contrast, nuclear expression of cyclin D-1 protein was associated with decreased recurrence rate (hazard ratio = 0.6; 95% confidence interval, 0.39 to 0.92). The intensity of nuclear or cytoplasmic expression was not of prognostic value. There was no significant interaction between cyclin D-1 status and treatment efficacy, ruling out any major detrimental effect of tamoxifen in CCND1-amplified postmenopausal breast cancer. Conclusions: In summary, CCND1 amplification and low nuclear expression of cyclin D-1 predicted poor clinical outcome in postmenopausal breast cancer patients treated with either anastrozole or tamoxifen.
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