| 1. |
- Bentham, James, et al.
(författare)
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A century of trends in adult human height
- 2016
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Ingår i: eLIFE. - : eLife Sciences Publications Ltd. - 2050-084X. ; 5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Being taller is associated with enhanced longevity, and higher education and earnings. We reanalysed 1472 population-based studies, with measurement of height on more than 18.6 million participants to estimate mean height for people born between 1896 and 1996 in 200 countries. The largest gain in adult height over the past century has occurred in South Korean women and Iranian men, who became 20.2 cm (95% credible interval 17.5–22.7) and 16.5 cm (13.3– 19.7) taller, respectively. In contrast, there was little change in adult height in some sub-Saharan African countries and in South Asia over the century of analysis. The tallest people over these 100 years are men born in the Netherlands in the last quarter of 20th century, whose average heights surpassed 182.5 cm, and the shortest were women born in Guatemala in 1896 (140.3 cm; 135.8– 144.8). The height differential between the tallest and shortest populations was 19-20 cm a century ago, and has remained the same for women and increased for men a century later despite substantial changes in the ranking of countries.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Zhou, Bin, et al.
(författare)
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Worldwide trends in diabetes since 1980: A pooled analysis of 751 population-based studies with 4.4 million participants
- 2016
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Ingår i: The Lancet. - : Elsevier B.V.. - 0140-6736 .- 1474-547X. ; 387:10027, s. 1513-1530
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: One of the global targets for non-communicable diseases is to halt, by 2025, the rise in the age standardised adult prevalence of diabetes at its 2010 levels. We aimed to estimate worldwide trends in diabetes, how likely it is for countries to achieve the global target, and how changes in prevalence, together with population growth and ageing, are aff ecting the number of adults with diabetes.Methods: We pooled data from population-based studies that had collected data on diabetes through measurement of its biomarkers. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends in diabetes prevalence-defined as fasting plasma glucose of 7.0 mmol/L or higher, or history of diagnosis with diabetes, or use of insulin or oral hypoglycaemic drugs-in 200 countries and territories in 21 regions, by sex and from 1980 to 2014. We also calculated the posterior probability of meeting the global diabetes target if post-2000 trends continue.Findings: We used data from 751 studies including 4372000 adults from 146 of the 200 countries we make estimates for. Global age-standardised diabetes prevalence increased from 4.3% (95% credible interval 2.4-17.0) in 1980 to 9.0% (7.2-11.1) in 2014 in men, and from 5.0% (2.9-7.9) to 7.9% (6.4-9.7) in women. The number of adults with diabetes in the world increased from 108 million in 1980 to 422 million in 2014 (28.5% due to the rise in prevalence, 39.7% due to population growth and ageing, and 31.8% due to interaction of these two factors). Age-standardised adult diabetes prevalence in 2014 was lowest in northwestern Europe, and highest in Polynesia and Micronesia, at nearly 25%, followed by Melanesia and the Middle East and north Africa. Between 1980 and 2014 there was little change in age-standardised diabetes prevalence in adult women in continental western Europe, although crude prevalence rose because of ageing of the population. By contrast, age-standardised adult prevalence rose by 15 percentage points in men and women in Polynesia and Micronesia. In 2014, American Samoa had the highest national prevalence of diabetes (>30% in both sexes), with age-standardised adult prevalence also higher than 25% in some other islands in Polynesia and Micronesia. If post-2000 trends continue, the probability of meeting the global target of halting the rise in the prevalence of diabetes by 2025 at the 2010 level worldwide is lower than 1% for men and is 1% for women. Only nine countries for men and 29 countries for women, mostly in western Europe, have a 50% or higher probability of meeting the global target.Interpretation: Since 1980, age-standardised diabetes prevalence in adults has increased, or at best remained unchanged, in every country. Together with population growth and ageing, this rise has led to a near quadrupling of the number of adults with diabetes worldwide. The burden of diabetes, both in terms of prevalence and number of adults aff ected, has increased faster in low-income and middle-income countries than in high-income countries.
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| 4. |
- DEHGHAN, S., et al.
(författare)
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Prediction of uniaxial compressive strength and modulus of elasticity for Travertine samples using regression and artificial neural networks
- 2010
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Ingår i: Mining Science and Technology. - : Elsevier. - 1674-5264. ; 20:1, s. 41-46
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Uniaxial Compressive Strength (UCS) and modulus of elasticity (E) are the most important rock parameters required and determined for rock mechanical studies in most civil and mining projects. In this study, two mathematical methods, regression analysis and Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs), were used to predict the uniaxial compressive strength and modulus of elasticity. The P-wave velocity, the point load index, the Schmidt hammer rebound number and porosity were used as inputs for both methods. The regression equations show that the relationship between P-wave velocity, point load index, Schmidt hammer rebound number and the porosity input sets with uniaxial compressive strength and modulus of elasticity under conditions of linear relations obtained coefficients of determination of (R2) of 0.64 and 0.56, respectively. ANNs were used to improve the regression results. The generalized regression and feed forward neural networks with two outputs (UCS and E) improved the coefficients of determination to more acceptable levels of 0.86 and 0.92 for UCS and to 0.77 and 0.82 for E. The results show that the proposed ANN methods could be applied as a new acceptable method for the prediction of uniaxial compressive strength and modulus of elasticity of intact rocks.
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| 5. |
- Tohry, A., et al.
(författare)
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A comparative study between the adsorption mechanisms of sodium co-silicate and conventional depressants for the reverse anionic hematite flotation
- 2022
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Ingår i: Separation science and technology (Print). - : Taylor & Francis. - 0149-6395 .- 1520-5754. ; 57:1, s. 141-158
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Starch, dextrin, sodium silicate (SS), and recently sodium co-silicate (SCS) are the most known depressants for the depression of iron oxides through the traditional reverse flotation. However, all these depressants’ adsorption mechanisms on the surface of iron oxides and their main associated minerals (silicate and phosphates) through the reverse anionic flotation did not yet been thoroughly investigated. For filling this gap, as a comparative investigation, this study implemented Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), zeta potential measurement, and micro-flotation tests to determine the adsorption mechanisms of these depressants and explored their effects on the floatabilities of pure hematite, quartz, and fluorapatite. Micro-flotation test results illustrated that all the examined depressants could depress hematite in the presence of an anionic collector. Still, the efficiencies of SS and SCS were higher than those of starch and dextrin. SCS had the lowest depression effect on quartz, and fluorapatite floatability compared to other depressants. Surface analyses depicted that dextrin and starch decreased the collector adsorption on the fluorapatite surface, where SCS and SS had a negligible effect on its floatability. The co-existence of physical and chemical bonds created between dextrin/starch and fluorapatite was the reason for its depression through the anionic reverse flotation.
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| 6. |
- Tohry, A., et al.
(författare)
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Mechanism of humic acid adsorption as a flotation separation depressant on the complex silicates and hematite
- 2021
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Ingår i: Minerals Engineering. - : Elsevier. - 0892-6875 .- 1872-9444. ; 162
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Humic acid (HA), as an environmentally friendly depressant, absorbed significant attention for possible cleaner production within mineral separation by selective separation, especially for reverse flotation of iron oxides. However, a few systematic studies were addressed its effect on the iron ore reverse cationic flotation in the presence of complex silicates and its adsorption mechanism on the surface of these minerals. This work is going to fill this gap by exploring the depression mechanisms of HA through the reverse cationic flotation (separation of hematite from complex silicates; augite and hornblende). Wettability analyses, micro and batch flotation scale tests were employed for such a purpose. Adsorption test, turbidity measurement, zeta potential measurement, and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analyses were conducted to understand HA adsorption's mechanism on these minerals' surface. Results relieved that at the low concentration of HA (20 mg/L), adsorption on the examined minerals' surface occurred. Based on the micro-flotation test results, HA's depression impact has the following order: hematite ≫ augite > hornblende. The surface analysis results suggested that HA can interact with the Fe ions on the hematite surface by chemical and hydrogen bonding. The same mechanism was observed for HA adsorption on the considered silicates; however, the adsorption rate was lower, while lower polyvalent cations are available on these silicates' surface.
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| 7. |
- Tohry, A., et al.
(författare)
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Tannin : An eco-friendly depressant for the green flotation separation of hematite from quartz
- 2021
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Ingår i: Minerals Engineering. - : Elsevier. - 0892-6875 .- 1872-9444. ; 168
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Reverse cationic flotation is the most known beneficiation method for the separation of fine hematite particles from silicates. In this process, the depression of the hematite surface is an essential factor. Thus, the development of environmentally friendly depressants plays a critical role. Tannin (TA) as a natural and eco-friendly organic reagent has not yet been considered for such a purpose. Through the reverse cationic flotation, the depression effect of TA was investigated by single and mixture of minerals. Micro-flotation tests and wettability analysis based on contact angle measurements by the captive bubble method (CBM) were conducted. The surface adsorption mechanism of TA on the hematite and quartz was explored through turbidity, zeta-potential measurements, surface adsorption tests, and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) analyses. The micro-flotation results indicated that TA could selectively depress more than 90% of hematite, while its effect on quartz floatability was negligible (<8% depressing). Surface wettability analysis demonstrated that TA in the presence of 30 mg/L collector could significantly increase the work of adhesion of hematite from 135.5 to 143.1 erg/cm2, whereas it increased the work of adhesion of quartz from 117.1 to 120.7 erg/cm2. Surface adsorption analysis depicted that in the presence of 100 mg/L TA, the adsorption amount of TA on the hematite surface was 0.99 mg/g, while this amount for quartz was 0.17 mg/g (around 6 times lower than hematite). Turbidity measurements, applied to clarify the aggregation – dispersion behavior of pure minerals in the TA presence, showed that TA had a dispersion effect on the quartz particles, whereas TA caused hematite aggregation. Surface analyses proved that TA selective adsorption occurred on the hematite surface mainly by chemisorption. In contrast, poor physical adsorption was the main interaction between TA and the quartz surface.
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