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- Siahrostami, Samira, 1982, et al.
(author)
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Enabling direct H2O2 production through rational electrocatalyst design
- 2013
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In: Nature Materials. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-4660 .- 1476-1122. ; 12:12, s. 1137-1143
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Future generations require more efficient and localized processes for energy conversion and chemical synthesis. The continuous on-site production of hydrogen peroxide would provide an attractive alternative to the present state-of-the-art, which is based on the complex anthraquinone process. The electrochemical reduction of oxygen to hydrogen peroxide is a particularly promising means of achieving this aim. However, it would require active, selective and stable materials to catalyse the reaction. Although progress has been made in this respect, further improvements through the development of new electrocatalysts are needed. Using density functional theory calculations, we identify Pt-Hg as a promising candidate. Electrochemical measurements on Pt-Hg nanoparticles show more than an order of magnitude improvement in mass activity, that is, Ag-1 precious metal, for H2O2 production, over the best performing catalysts in the literature.
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- Cassiani, Giorgio, et al.
(author)
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Ground-based remote sensing of the shallow subsurface : Geophysical methods for environmental applications
- 2020
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In: Remote Sensing of Geomorphology. - 0928-2025. - 9780444641779 - 9780444641786 ; 23, s. 55-89
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Noninvasive methods for the characterization of shallow subsurface have been used routinely for some 20–30 years. The growth in these methods has been driven by a variety of breakthroughs in the use of electrical, electromagnetic, and seismic methods, to mention only the most common techniques. Increasing field capabilities and computational power have yet to yield all their potential fruits. In this chapter, we introduce readers to the basic concepts of shallow subsurface methods. We guide them through some of the physical details and present a number of application examples all derived from our own experience, concerning both structural characterization and (fluid)-dynamic understanding of the shallow subsurface. Finally, we propose ideas concerning the future development of this wide and exciting discipline.
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- Rossi, M., et al.
(author)
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Intricacies in the interpretation of vertical radar profiling caused by borehole effects
- 2017
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In: Conference Proceedings, 23rd European Meeting of Environmental and Engineering Geophysics. - Netherlands : EAGE Publications BV. - 9789462822238 ; 2017, s. 1-5
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Estimation of hydraulic parameters of the vadose zone is a relevant issue in hydrological characterization and flow model calibration. Two borehole Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) techniques are discussed: Zero-Offset Profiling (ZOP) and Vertical Radar Profiling (VRP). The field case is representative of a very common situation in vadose zone characterization: Above the water table, the permittivity inside the air-filled borehole is significantly smaller than in the embedding soil. In this case, if the first-arrivals are picked and the corresponding inversions are performed without a careful analysis, the recovered dielectric relative permittivity (år) profiles are in large disagreement. The presented analysis of VRP synthetic and real datasets clarifies that the presence of the air-filled borehole may alter the propagation of electromagnetic waves, invalidating the comparison among VRP and ZOP first-arrivals. Once the borehole effects are accounted, the comparison between the ZOP and VRP år-profiles is more reasonable and reveals the different resolution of these techniques, focusing on the information that can be inferred for hydrological characterizations. Thus, VRP surveys in vadose zone must be accurately interpreted, as the electromagnetic waves may propagate via "guided" modes along the borehole.
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- Wettergren, Kristina, 1974, et al.
(author)
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High Sintering Resistance of Size-Selected Platinum Cluster Catalysts by Suppressed Ostwald Ripening
- 2014
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In: Nano Letters. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1530-6992 .- 1530-6984. ; 14:10, s. 5803-5809
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Employing rationally designed model systems with precise atom-by-atom particle size control, we demonstrate by means of combining noninvasive in situ indirect nano-plasmonic sensing and ex situ scanning transmission electron microscopy that monomodal size-selected platinum cluster catalysts on different supports exhibit remarkable intrinsic sintering resistance even under reaction conditions. The observed stability is related to suppression of Oftwald ripening by elimination of its main driving force via size-selection. This study thus constitutes a general blueprint for the rational design of sintering resistant catalyst systems and for efficient experimental strategies to determine sintering mechanisms. Moreover, this is the first systematic experimental investigation of sintering processes in nanoparticle systems with an initially perfectly monomodal size distribution under ambient conditions.
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