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- Li, Peng, et al.
(författare)
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Understanding reactions between water and steelmaking slags : Iron distribution, hydrogen generation, and phase transformations
- 2022
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Ingår i: International journal of hydrogen energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0360-3199 .- 1879-3487. ; 47:48, s. 20741-20754
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Environmentally friendly energy harvesting can be achieved by the H2O thermochemical treatment of steelmaking slags. Hot slag from steel manufacturing is used as a sacrificial material to produce H2 in a stream of steam. In parallel, this process enhances the magnetic properties of the slag, benefitting the Fe recovery. In this work, the occurrence states of different iron species in slags, as well as their reactivity and phase transformations in H2O, were investigated. The results showed that Fe2+ was mainly distributed in olivine (Ca, Fe, Mg, Mn)2SiO4 when the basicity was low. As the basicity increased, a gradual enrichment of Fe2+ in RO phase (divalent oxides solid solution, R = Fe, Mg, Mn etc.) was observed. In addition to steelmaking slags, the H2O splitting reactions of synthetic model iron compounds, RO phase (Mg1-xFexO, x = 0.36, 0.63, 0.77) and kirschsteinite (CaFeSiO4) were also tested. RO phase exhibited fast kinetics, with its activity proportional to the FeO content. Oxidation of the magnesia-rich RO phase resulted in the phase segregation of iron-depleted magnesiowustite (Mg,Fe-depleted)O and iron-rich spinel (Mg, Fe-rich)3O4. The H2O splitting of CaFeSiO4 suffered from extremely low kinetics below 900 degrees C, which could be enhanced by raising the temperature. The H2 production capacity of steelmaking slags was strongly affected by the basicity, which improved when more Fe2+ existed as RO phase rather than CaFeSiO4. After oxidation in steam at 850 degrees C, the slag sample with a basicity of 1.83 produced 29.3 cm3.g(material)-1 hydrogen at 850 degrees C for 60 min, with a conversion ratio of 80.1%.
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| 4. |
- Thompson, Paul M., et al.
(författare)
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The ENIGMA Consortium : large-scale collaborative analyses of neuroimaging and genetic data
- 2014
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Ingår i: BRAIN IMAGING BEHAV. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1931-7557 .- 1931-7565. ; 8:2, s. 153-182
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Enhancing NeuroImaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis (ENIGMA) Consortium is a collaborative network of researchers working together on a range of large-scale studies that integrate data from 70 institutions worldwide. Organized into Working Groups that tackle questions in neuroscience, genetics, and medicine, ENIGMA studies have analyzed neuroimaging data from over 12,826 subjects. In addition, data from 12,171 individuals were provided by the CHARGE consortium for replication of findings, in a total of 24,997 subjects. By meta-analyzing results from many sites, ENIGMA has detected factors that affect the brain that no individual site could detect on its own, and that require larger numbers of subjects than any individual neuroimaging study has currently collected. ENIGMA's first project was a genome-wide association study identifying common variants in the genome associated with hippocampal volume or intracranial volume. Continuing work is exploring genetic associations with subcortical volumes (ENIGMA2) and white matter microstructure (ENIGMA-DTI). Working groups also focus on understanding how schizophrenia, bipolar illness, major depression and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) affect the brain. We review the current progress of the ENIGMA Consortium, along with challenges and unexpected discoveries made on the way.
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- Wang, Yong, et al.
(författare)
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Characterization and formation mechanism of non-metallic inclusions in single bcc-phase high entropy alloy
- 2023
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Ingår i: Materials Characterization. - : Elsevier BV. - 1044-5803 .- 1873-4189. ; 205
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This work aims to provide a fundamental study of inclusion characteristics in the single bcc-phase high entropy alloy (HEA), Mn-rich and Al-contained multicomponent system (Al-Cr-Mn-Fe-Co-Ni) was selected as the prototype alloy in this study. According to the differential thermal analysis (DTA) measurements, the solidus (TS) and liquidus (TL) temperatures of this alloy were in the range of 1225–1228 °C (1226 ± 2 °C) and 1268–1271 °C (1270 ± 2 °C), respectively. Non-metallic inclusions were investigated in a two-dimensional (2D) cross-section method as well as extracted by a three-dimensional (3D) electrolytic extraction method. It was found that AlN was the dominant inclusion phase, also a small amount of Al2O3 inclusions were observed. They formed in the liquid alloy and mostly presented as Al2O3-AlN agglomerates, where the size range of the AlN inclusions was larger than that of Al2O3. The theoretical calculation showed that AlN inclusion has a higher coagulation coefficient and collision rate than those of Al2O3 inclusions, which agrees well with the experimental observations. The inclusion characteristics of Al2O3 and AlN were closely related to the relative contents of O and N in the presence of high Al content in the alloy. The impurity elements of N and O were the key issues in controling the stable inclusion phase in high entropic alloy.
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| 6. |
- Yang, Dong, et al.
(författare)
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Air- and Light-Stable P-4 and As-4 within an Anion-Coordination-Based Tetrahedral Cage
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of the American Chemical Society. - : AMER CHEMICAL SOC. - 0002-7863 .- 1520-5126. ; 139:16, s. 5946-5951
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In contrast to the stable dinitrogen molecule, white phosphorus (P-4) and yellow arsenic (As-4) are very reactive allotropic modifications of these two heavier pnictogen elements, which has greatly hampered the study of their properties and applications. Thus, the safe storage and transport of them is imperative. Supramolecular caged structures are one of the most efficient approaches for the encapsulation and stabilization of reactive species; however, their use in the P-4 and As-4 chemistry is very rare. In the current work, we demonstrate a new design strategy for constructing finite cages and including guests based on anion coordination chemistry. The phosphate-coordination-based tetrahedral cages can readily accommodate the tetrahedral guests P-4 and As-4, which is facilitated by the shape and size complementarity as well as favorable sigma-pi and lone-pair-pi interactions. Moreover, the latter case represents the first example of As-4 inclusion in a well-defined tetrahedral cage.
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