| 1. |
- O'Reilly, Ciarán J., et al.
(författare)
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Life cycle energy optimisation : A proposed methodology for integrating environmental considerations early in the vehicle engineering design process
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Cleaner Production. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 0959-6526 .- 1879-1786. ; 135, s. 750-759
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To enable the consideration of life cycle environmental impacts in the early stages of vehicle design, a methodology using the proxy of life cycle energy is proposed in this paper. The trade-offs in energy between vehicle production, operational performance and end-of-life are formulated as a mathematical problem, and simultaneously balanced with other transport-related functionalities, and may be optimised. The methodology is illustrated through an example design study, which is deliberately kept simple in order to emphasise the conceptual idea. The obtained optimisation results demonstrate that there is a unique driving-scenario-specific design solution, which meets functional requirements with a minimum life cycle energy cost. The results also suggest that a use-phase focussed design may result in a solution, which is sub-optimal from a life cycle point-of-view. © 2016 The Authors
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Amenitsch, H, et al.
(författare)
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Bile salts form lyotropic liquid crystals
- 2003
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Ingår i: Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects. - 0927-7757 .- 1873-4359. ; 213:1, s. 79-92
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A reinvestigation of the phase diagrams relative to some conjugated and non-conjugated bile salts in water has demonstrated the formation of lyotropic liquid crystalline phases, in contradiction with generally accepted statements. The phase behaviour is complex and the phase diagrams are unusual, compared to most surfactants and lipids. In particular, coexistence of liquid crystalline phases with crystals has been obser ed. The formation of liquid crystalline phases requires very long equilibration times and the thermal stability of the lyotropic phases is moderate. The observed structure is tentatively assumed to be of the reverse hexagonal type. Structural relations with currently accepted models for the organisation of bile salts into micelles and solid form have been found. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 4. |
- Edlund, Håkan, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
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Formation of a Liquid Crystalline Phase in the Sodium Taurodeoxycholate-Water System
- 1998
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Ingår i: Langmuir. - Washington DC : ACS Publications. - 0743-7463 .- 1520-5827. ; 14, s. 3691-3697
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The binary phase equilibria for the system sodium taurodeoxycholate-water have been studied. The system forms a liquid crystalline phase in addition to the previously known isotropic solution phase at 22 °C. 2H (water) NMR quadrupole splitting, SAXS data in combination with the polarizing microscopic texture observed for the liquid crystal indicate that the liquid crystalline phase consists of a hexagonal-type aggregate structure. A metastable liquid crystal, probably with lamellar-type structure, also appears to exist prior to the formation of the stable hexagonal phase. A micellar growth is measured with the NMR self-diffusion method for the isotropic solution phase. Electrical conductance experiments are used to determine the liquid crystal-solution thermal transition.
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| 5. |
- Eckert, C. M., et al.
(författare)
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Design margins in industrial practice
- 2020
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Ingår i: Design Science. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 2053-4701. ; 6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As products are being developed over time and across organisations, the risk for unintended accumulation and mis-conception of margins allocated may occur. Accumulation of margins can result in over design, but also add risk due to under allocation. This paper describes the different terminology used in one organisation and shows the different roles margins play across the design process and in particular the how margins are a critical but often overlooked aspect of product platform design. The research was conducted in close collaboration with a truck manufacturer between 2013 and 2018. The objective was to gain understanding of the current use of margins, and associated concepts evolve along the product life cycle, across organisation and product platform representations. It was found that margins already play an important role throughout the entire design process; however, it is not recognised as a unified concept which is clearly communicated and tracked throughout the design process. Rather different stakeholders have different notions of margins and do not disclose the rationale behind adding margins or the amount that they have added. Margins also enabled designers to avoid design changes as existing components and systems can accommodate new requirements and thereby saving significant design time.
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