| 1. |
- Andersson, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Spatial variations in financial constraints of SMEs-evidence from firm-level estimates of investment-cash flow sensitivities in Sweden
- 2023
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Ingår i: Small Business Economics. - : Springer. - 0921-898X .- 1573-0913. ; 60:4, s. 1683-1698
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Plain English Summary We show that small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) located outside the main city regions are more dependent on internal cash flow in their investments compared to SME urban city regions. Our findings clearly show that, as access to agglomerated economies decreases, financial constraints faced by the SMEs increase. The investment ability of SMEs in rural regions depends on own cash flow more but revenues in smaller regions tend to be smaller too-implying that the cash flow is likely to be lower. As a result, SMEs in smaller and more remote places would find it harder to invest and, therefore, to grow or increase productivity. The fact that such a consistent pattern of increasing investment-cash flow sensitivity is clearly observable in Sweden, one of the least regionally unequal countries, only reinforces the importance of considering the spatial dimension in policies targeted at closing SME financing gap. It is well established that there is uneven availability of credit across space, in particular for SMEs. The evidence on whether this translates into differences in actual business investments remains scarce. We assess this question by using firm-level data for Swedish firms and estimate the extent to which the average investment-cash flow sensitivities of firms vary across the urban-rural hierarchy. We find that the world of financing is not yet flat for the majority of Swedish SMEs. Companies located in non-metro regions are most dependent on own cash flow in their investments. The results hold for all firms, firms of different sizes, firms operating in low-end services, unaffiliated firms and those belonging to domestic corporations. In contrast, investment-cash flow sensitivity of firms operating in high-tech services and those belonging to a multinational enterprise does not differ geographically. On average, regional investment-cash flow sensitivity is lower in bigger, denser and more educated local labour market regions; it is higher in regions with greater concentration of SMEs.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Braunerhjelm, Pontus, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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Pioneering Entrepreneurship Research : How, by Whom, and When
- 2022
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Ingår i: FOUNDATIONS AND TRENDS IN ENTREPRENEURSHIP. - : Now Publishers Inc.. - 1551-3114 .- 1551-3122. ; 18:2, s. 77-158
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Economic thought on entrepreneurship goes at least as far back as to Richard Cantillon, Adam Smith and Jean-Baptiste Say in the 18th and 19th centuries, and by some accounts much further back. After being neglected throughout a large part of the 20th century, entrepreneurship research has risen to become one of the most forceful, dynamic and expansionary fields in social sciences, represented by variety of specialized journals and conferences and encompassing several academic sub-disciplines. This monograph attempts to provide an overview of primarily contemporary pioneers in entrepreneurship research who have been instrumental in defining, re-introducing and establishing entrepreneurship as a core research discipline through their seminal scientific endeavors. Besides of the founding fathers of entrepreneurship research, we have identified 45 pioneers from a list of several hundreds of potential candidates. Three of those made their most seminal contributions between the late 1940s and the late 1960s. The remaining 42 contemporary pioneers were decisive for the establishment of the research field. Our ambition is thus to provide answers to how, by whom and when these pioneering contributions were made. By necessity, given how large and diverse the field has become, many researchers and topics have been left out of this review. We humbly recognize that we may have left out researchers who deserve to be mentioned; nevertheless we feel confident that selection of scholars are all worthy pioneers in the entrepreneurship research field.
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| 4. |
- Braunerhjelm, Pontus, et al.
(författare)
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Pioneering Entrepreneurship Research : How, by Whom, and When
- 2022
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Bok (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pioneering Entrepreneurship Research lists the seminal and pioneering research efforts conducted by a limited group of scholars from different disciplines that challenged traditional thought on small business and entrepreneurship – these pioneers and their specific contributions transformed our thinking about entrepreneurs. This monograph also discusses the drivers that motivated their entrepreneurial endeavors, their influence at the firm/micro-level and their role in fostering economic development and growth. It explores how their breakthrough contributions increasingly gained acceptance in several disciplines, thereby toppling previous views with profound implications for theory, empirics, methodology and policy.Research on entrepreneurship has witnessed a tremendous renaissance and continues to rapidly evolve. This monograph identifies scholars who have played a particularly important role in pushing the research frontier through their seminal work in the entrepreneurship field. Following an introduction, the authors discuss the definition of entrepreneurship and the academic domain of entrepreneurship research. Next is a chronological account of the early pioneers and the origin of entrepreneurship research. The monograph provides a more detailed description of contemporary pioneers, defined as those that contributed to shaping and defining the research field in the latter decades. It then groups pioneers into specific research categories aiming to give a comprehensive picture of how the advances made has served to deepen our understanding of how the economy works. This is followed by a discussion of avenues for future entrepreneurship research and a conclusion with references.
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| 5. |
- Eklund, Mona, et al.
(författare)
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Psychometric properties and factor structure of the Swedish version of the Perceived Stress Scale.
- 2014
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Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0803-9488 .- 1502-4725. ; 68:7, s. 494-499
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) measures general stress and the Swedish version, although used in several studies, has not been extensively evaluated for psychometric properties. Aims: This study aimed to investigate psychometric properties and the factor solution of the Swedish 14-item version when used with two samples, namely a mixed Internet sample of women and men (n = 171) and another of women with stress-related disorders (n = 84). Classical test theory, including confirmatory factor analysis, was employed. Results: The factor structure supported a two-factor model for the PSS and confirmed other language versions of the PSS, although one items showed a low item-total correlation. The PSS showed to be feasible with the investigated samples and the results indicated no ceiling or floor effects and good internal consistency of the PSS. Several aspects of construct validity were shown. An association of − 0.66 between the PSS and a measure of coping indicated good concurrent validity. Criterion validity was demonstrated through a statistically significant difference (P < 0.001) between the women with stress-related disorders and the Internet sample. Predictive validity of the PSS could be demonstrated in a short-term perspective. Based on the sample with stress-related disorders, sensitivity to change was shown through a statistically significant stress reduction (P < 0.001) from entering work rehabilitation to discharge. Conclusions: The Swedish version of the PSS showed satisfactory psychometric properties and may be recommended for use with people with and without known stress-related disorders.
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| 6. |
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Handbook of Innovation and Regulation
- 2023
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This comprehensive Handbook presents thoughtful analysis on how regulations can impact innovation within a number of regulatory fields and markets, and provides a greater understanding of regulatory complexity and the challenging task it presents for future research.
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| 7. |
- Kusetogullari, Anna, 1987-, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic Algorithm-based Variable Selection Approach for High-Growth Firm Prediction
- 2022
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Ingår i: International Conference on Electrical, Computer, Communications and Mechatronics Engineering, ICECCME 2022. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 9781665470957
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we propose a novel method for high-growth firm prediction by minimizing a cost function using a Genetic Algorithm (GA). To achieve it, the GA is used to search to find a set of important variables which provide the best fit for machine learning models so that accurate predictions can be made for high-growth firm prediction. The GA is employed to optimize the mean square error (MSE) between the accurate results and the predicted results of the machine learning methods by evolving the initially generated binary solutions through iterations. The proposed method obtains the best fitting set of variables for the machine learning methods for high-growth firm prediction. Four different machine learning methods which are Support Vector Machines (SVM), Logistic Regression, Random Forest (RF) and K-Nearest Neighbor (K-NN) have been employed with the GA and experimental results show that using RF with the GA achieves the best accuracy results with 94.93%. © 2022 IEEE.
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| 8. |
- Spjuth, Ola, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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E-Science technologies in a workflow for personalized medicine using cancer screening as a case study
- 2017
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Ingår i: JAMIA Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association. - : Oxford University Press. - 1067-5027 .- 1527-974X. ; 24:5, s. 950-957
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: We provide an e-Science perspective on the workflow from risk factor discovery and classification of disease to evaluation of personalized intervention programs. As case studies, we use personalized prostate and breast cancer screenings.Materials and Methods: We describe an e-Science initiative in Sweden, e-Science for Cancer Prevention and Control (eCPC), which supports biomarker discovery and offers decision support for personalized intervention strategies. The generic eCPC contribution is a workflow with 4 nodes applied iteratively, and the concept of e-Science signifies systematic use of tools from the mathematical, statistical, data, and computer sciences.Results: The eCPC workflow is illustrated through 2 case studies. For prostate cancer, an in-house personalized screening tool, the Stockholm-3 model (S3M), is presented as an alternative to prostate-specific antigen testing alone. S3M is evaluated in a trial setting and plans for rollout in the population are discussed. For breast cancer, new biomarkers based on breast density and molecular profiles are developed and the US multicenter Women Informed to Screen Depending on Measures (WISDOM) trial is referred to for evaluation. While current eCPC data management uses a traditional data warehouse model, we discuss eCPC-developed features of a coherent data integration platform.Discussion and Conclusion: E-Science tools are a key part of an evidence-based process for personalized medicine. This paper provides a structured workflow from data and models to evaluation of new personalized intervention strategies. The importance of multidisciplinary collaboration is emphasized. Importantly, the generic concepts of the suggested eCPC workflow are transferrable to other disease domains, although each disease will require tailored solutions.
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