| 1. |
- Lauri, S, et al.
(författare)
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An exploratory study of clinical decision-making in five countries
- 2001
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Ingår i: Journal of Nursing Scholarship. - INDIANAPOLIS : SIGMA THETA TAU INT. - 1527-6546 .- 1547-5069. ; 33:1, s. 83-90
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: To identify the cognitive processes nurses use in their decision-making in long- and short-term care settings in five countries, and the demographic variables associated with their decision-making. Method and Samples: The instrument used was a 56-item questionnaire that has been shown to be reliable in earlier studies. The sample consisted of five convenience samples of registered nurses working in either geriatric wards (n = 236) or acute medical-surgical wards (n = 223) in hospitals or nursing homes in Canada, Finland, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United States. Findings: Five models of decision-making were identified on the basis of factor analysis. They represent both analytical and intuitive cognitive processes. Analytical cognitive processes were emphasized in information collection, problem definition, and planning of care, and intuitive cognitive processes were emphasized in planning, implementing, and evaluating care. Professional education, practical experience, field of practice, and type of Knowledge were significantly associated with decision-making models as well as with country of residence of the participants, The highest proportion of analytically oriented decisionmakers was found among nurses in long-term care, the decision-making of nurses in shortterm cave was more intuitively oriented. Conclusions: The results indicate that decision-making of participants varied from country to country and in different nursing situations. Future research should be focused on reasons for these differences, the relationship between the task and the nurses' type of knowledge, and how nurses use their knowledge to make decisions in different nursing situations. (C) 2001 SIGMA THETA TAU INTERNATIONAL.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Emami, A, et al.
(författare)
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An ethnographic study of a day care center for Iranian immigrant seniors
- 2000
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Ingår i: Western Journal of Nursing Research. - THOUSAND OAKS : SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC. - 0193-9459 .- 1552-8456. ; 22:2, s. 169-188
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Late-in-life immigrants are often at risk for psychological stress and social isolation because of language problems, small social networks, and cultural differences from the host society. Community intervention programs can reduce such stress and isolation. In this article, the authors describe a Swedish municipality's culturally appropriate intervention program for elderly Iranian immigrants based on ethnographic data gathered during a 12 month period The description includes the activities provided by the program and the experiences of the elderly Iranian immigrants who participate regularly in these activities. The findings document the positive impact of regular participation in the center's activities on the elders' well-being and health.
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| 4. |
- Gotell, E, et al.
(författare)
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Caregiver singing and background music in dementia care
- 2002
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Ingår i: Western Journal of Nursing Research. - THOUSAND OAKS : SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC. - 0193-9459 .- 1552-8456. ; 24:2, s. 195-216
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Caregiver singing and background music were incorporated into the interaction between caregiver and patient, the aim being to illuminate the meaning of verbal communication between persons with severe dementia and their caregivers. In the absence of music, patients communicated with cognitive and behavioral symptoms associated with dementia. In these situations, caregivers devoted their verbal communication to narrating and explaining their caring activities to the patient. The patient and caregiver. however had difficulties understanding one another. In the presence of background music, caregivers decreased their verbal instructing rind narrating while the patient communicated with an increased understanding of the situation, both verbally and behaviorally. During caregiver singing, a paradoxical effect was observed such that despite an evident reduction in the amount of verbal narration and description by the caregiver. the patient implicitly understood what was happening.
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| 5. |
- Gotell, E, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of caregiver singing and background music on posture, movement, and sensory awareness in dementia care
- 2003
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Ingår i: International psychogeriatrics. - NEW YORK : SPRINGER PUBLISHING CO. - 1041-6102 .- 1741-203X. ; 15:4, s. 411-430
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and Aim: Previous research suggested caregiver singing could influence persons with severe dementia to communicate with increased competence, to cease aggression, and to cease disruptive screaming, while at the same time they seemed to understand what was going on when being cared for during morning care sessions. The aim of this study was to illuminate the posture, body movements, and sensory awareness of patients with dementia during three types of morning care sessions with professional caregivers: (a) the usual morning care situation, (b) a caring session in which familiar background music was played, and (c) a caring session in which the caregiver sang to and/or with the patient throughout. Nine patients with late-stage dementia and 5 professional caregivers participated in this study, and 27 sessions were videotaped (9 patients x 3 caring situations). Data Collection and Method: Data collection was done by means of video recording and the data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Results: During the usual caring situation, patients demonstrated slumped posture, sluggish and asymmetric motion, listlessness, minimal awareness of both egocentric space and the physical environment, and a poor ability to perform to completion activities necessary for personal care. Both background music playing and caregiver singing had strong influences on the body and on sensory awareness. Patients had straightened posture, stronger and more symmetric movements, and a greatly increased awareness of themselves and their environment. Patients appeared to regain skills necessary for daily living, and demonstrated that they could perform tasks with intention, purpose, and competence. Caregiver singing, in particular, was very effective at drawing out capabilities that appeared to be lost in these patients. In addition, caregiver singing elicited a larger degree of mutuality in the interaction between patient and caregiver than was seen with background music. Discussion: These results provide further support for the use of caregiver singing in dementia care, and the findings on how caregiver singing can be used to help in dementia caring situations are discussed.
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