| 1. |
- Callaghan, Terry, et al.
(författare)
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Multi-Decadal Changes in Tundra Environments and Ecosystems : Synthesis of the International Polar Year-Back to the Future Project (IPY-BTF)
- 2011
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Ingår i: Ambio. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0044-7447 .- 1654-7209. ; 40:6, s. 705-716
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Understanding the responses of tundra systemsto global change has global implications. Most tundraregions lack sustained environmental monitoring and oneof the only ways to document multi-decadal change is toresample historic research sites. The International PolarYear (IPY) provided a unique opportunity for such researchthrough the Back to the Future (BTF) project (IPY project#512). This article synthesizes the results from 13 paperswithin this Ambio Special Issue. Abiotic changes includeglacial recession in the Altai Mountains, Russia; increasedsnow depth and hardness, permafrost warming, andincreased growing season length in sub-arctic Sweden;drying of ponds in Greenland; increased nutrient availabilityin Alaskan tundra ponds, and warming at mostlocations studied. Biotic changes ranged from relativelyminor plant community change at two sites in Greenland tomoderate change in the Yukon, and to dramatic increasesin shrub and tree density on Herschel Island, and in subarcticSweden. The population of geese tripled at one sitein northeast Greenland where biomass in non-grazed plotsdoubled. A model parameterized using results from a BTFstudy forecasts substantial declines in all snowbeds andincreases in shrub tundra on Niwot Ridge, Colorado overthe next century. In general, results support and provideimproved capacities for validating experimental manipulation,remote sensing, and modeling studies.
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| 2. |
- Albertsson, Per, 1956, et al.
(författare)
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Morbidity and use of medical resources in patients with chest pain and normal or near-normal coronary arteries.
- 1997
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Ingår i: The American journal of cardiology. - : Excerpta Medica, Inc.. - 0002-9149 .- 1879-1913. ; 79:3, s. 299-304
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To evaluate morbidity and use of medical resources in patients with chest pain and normal or near-normal coronary angiograms: 2,639 consecutive patients who underwent coronary angiograms due to chest pain were registered. Two years thereafter all patients who showed normal or near-normal coronary angiograms were approached with a questionnaire regarding hospitalization during the last 4 years (2 years before and 2 years after angiography). All medical files were also examined. Of the patients who underwent angiography, 163 (6%) had no significant stenoses, and of these, 113 showed complete normal angiograms and 50 showed mild (i.e. <50%) stenoses. During the 2 years before diagnostic angiogram, 66% of the patients were hospitalized compared with only 35% during 2 years after angiography (p <0.001). The reduction in hospitalization was due to curtailed utilization of medical resources for cardiac reasons; mean days in hospital was 6.6 days before angiography versus 2.8 days after (p <0.001). There were no significant differences in hospitalization when comparing patients with mild stenoses and completely normal angiograms. There were, furthermore, no differences between patients with positive or negative exercise tests. Thus, the need for hospitalization is significantly reduced after a diagnostic angiogram reveals normal or near-normal coronary arteries.
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| 3. |
- Axelsson, Håkan, et al.
(författare)
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Mätning av aromatiska kolväten med DOAS. En studie av tillförlitlighets- och interferensproblem.
- 1990
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- DOAS-tekniken är en optisk fjärranalysmetod för mätning av luftföroreningar. I det projekt som här avrapporterats har tekniken utvärderats m a p mätning av lätta aromatiska kolväten. Projektet har omfattat såväl litteratur, labb och fältstudier av absorptionsegenskaper som interferenseffekter. Resultaten visar att de lätta aromatiska kolväten har ett gemensamt absorptionsband i nära UV (250-280 mm ) som med fördel kan användas i en DOAS-tillämpning. Utnyttjande detta band, kan flera av aromaterna mätas med en detektionsgräns på några µg/m3. Dock föreligger kraftiga interferenseffekter mellan i synnerhet komponenter med likartad kemisk struktur. Detta problem kan i vissa fall hanteras m h a multipel regressions analys. En förutsättning för detta är dock att inga 'okända' interferande ämnen (lös aromater) förekommer i mätsituationen.
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| 4. |
- Ballo, Ahmed, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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Bone tissue reactions to biomimetic ion-substituted apatite surfaces on titanium implants
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of the Royal Society Interface. - : The Royal Society. - 1742-5689 .- 1742-5662. ; 9:72, s. 1615-1624
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to evaluate the bone tissue response to strontium-and silicon-substituted apatite (Sr-HA and Si-HA) modified titanium (Ti) implants. Sr-HA, Si-HA and HA were grown on thermally oxidized Ti implants by a biomimetic process. Oxidized implants were used as controls. Surface properties, i.e. chemical composition, surface thickness, morphology/pore characteristics, crystal structure and roughness, were characterized with various analytical techniques. The implants were inserted in rat tibiae and block biopsies were prepared for histology, histomorphometry and scanning electron microscopy analysis. Histologically, new bone formed on all implant surfaces. The bone was deposited directly onto the Sr-HA and Si-HA implants without any intervening soft tissue. The statistical analysis showed significant higher amount of bone-implant contact (BIC) for the Si-doped HA modification (P = 0.030), whereas significant higher bone area (BA) for the Sr-doped HA modification (P = 0.034), when compared with the non-doped HA modification. The differences were most pronounced at the early time point. The healing time had a significant impact for both BA and BIC (P < 0.001). The present results show that biomimetically prepared Si-HA and Sr-HA on Ti implants provided bioactivity and promoted early bone formation.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Bratt, O, et al.
(författare)
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Risk perception, screening practice and interest in genetic testing among unaffected men in families with hereditary prostate cancer
- 2000
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Ingår i: European Journal of Cancer. - 0959-8049. ; 36:2, s. 235-241
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Approximately 5-10% of prostate cancer cases are caused by dominantly inherited susceptibility to the disease. Although advances have been made in research concerning the genetic mechanisms of hereditary prostate cancer, little is known about the psychological consequences for men at high risk of developing the disease. The aims of the present study were to examine risk perception, interest in genetic investigations, cancer-specific worry, and screening practice among unaffected men, aged 40-72 years old, with a pedigree consistent with hereditary prostate cancer and an estimated lifetime risk of prostate cancer of 35-45%. A questionnaire was sent by mail to 120 subjects, of whom 110 responded. Most of the men (n = 90, 82%) worried about having an inherited susceptibility to prostate cancer, and 34 (31%) claimed that worry about prostate cancer affected their daily life (3 (3%) fairly much, 31 (28%) slightly). As many as 40% of the study subjects perceived their lifetime risk of prostate cancer as 67% or more. Perceived high risk was associated with symptoms of depression and with cancer worry affecting daily living. Two-thirds of the men aged 50 years old or more were regularly screened for prostate cancer. Subjects with high levels of cancer-specific stress, as measured by the avoidance subscale of the Impact of Event Scale, were less likely to opt for screening. Almost all of the men (94%) were interested in presymptomatic genetic testing (84 (76%) "definitely yes" and 20 (18%) "probably yes"). We conclude that hereditary susceptibility to prostate cancer has significant psychological consequences although it rarely causes psychiatric morbidity. The present study underlines the importance of giving thorough, repeated information to men at high risk of prostate cancer.
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| 7. |
- Cannon, Christopher P., et al.
(författare)
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Comparison of ticagrelor with clopidogrel in patients with a planned invasive strategy for acute coronary syndromes (PLATO) : a randomised double-blind study
- 2010
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Ingår i: The Lancet. - 0140-6736 .- 1474-547X. ; 375:9711, s. 283-293
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Variation in and irreversibility of platelet inhibition with clopidogrel has led to controversy about its optimum dose and timing of administration in patients with acute coronary syndromes. We compared ticagrelor, a more potent reversible P2Y12 inhibitor with clopidogrel in such patients. METHODS: At randomisation, an invasive strategy was planned for 13 408 (72.0%) of 18 624 patients hospitalised for acute coronary syndromes (with or without ST elevation). In a double-blind, double-dummy study, patients were randomly assigned in a one-to-one ratio to ticagrelor and placebo (180 mg loading dose followed by 90 mg twice a day), or to clopidogrel and placebo (300-600 mg loading dose or continuation with maintenance dose followed by 75 mg per day) for 6-12 months. All patients were given aspirin. The primary composite endpoint was cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke. Analyses were by intention to treat. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00391872. FINDINGS: 6732 patients were assigned to ticagrelor and 6676 to clopidogrel. The primary composite endpoint occurred in fewer patients in the ticagrelor group than in the clopidogrel group (569 [event rate at 360 days 9.0%] vs 668 [10.7%], hazard ratio 0.84, 95% CI 0.75-0.94; p=0.0025). There was no difference between clopidogrel and ticagrelor groups in the rates of total major bleeding (691 [11.6%] vs 689 [11.5%], 0.99 [0.89-1.10]; p=0.8803) or severe bleeding, as defined according to the Global Use of Strategies To Open occluded coronary arteries, (198 [3.2%] vs 185 [2.9%], 0.91 [0.74-1.12]; p=0.3785). INTERPRETATION: Ticagrelor seems to be a better option than clopidogrel for patients with acute coronary syndromes for whom an early invasive strategy is planned.
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| 8. |
- Christensen, Kjeld, et al.
(författare)
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Effects on blood compatibility in vitro by combining a direct P2Y(12) receptor inhibitor and heparin coating of stents
- 2006
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Ingår i: Platelets. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0953-7104 .- 1369-1635. ; 17:5, s. 318-327
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effect of the direct platelet P2Y12 receptor inhibitor, AR-C69931MX, on activation of blood induced by stents with and without heparin coating was investigated using a whole blood Chandler loop model in vitro . Stents were deployed in Chandler loops. Fresh human blood with heparin and AR-C69931MX was rotated for 1 h at 37°C and used for measurements of platelets, microparticles, thrombin-antithrombin complex (TAT), fibrinogen binding to platelets, P-selectin expression by platelets, CD11b, Prothrombin Fragment F1+2, FXIa-AT, FXIIa-AT, C3a, sC5b-9 and stent score. In the first experiment there were four study groups with unmodified stents: 1a, no AR-C69931MX; 1b, 250 nmol/L; 1c, 750 nmol/L; 1d, 2250 nmol/L of AR-C69931MX. In the second experiment the concentration of AR-C69931MX was 500 nmol/L: 2a; tubings without stent; 2b; tubings with heparin-coated stent; 2c; tubings with unmodified stents. Heparin-coated stents were used in the third experiment: 3a; no AR-C69931MX; 3b; 500 nmol/L of AR-C69931MX. In the first experiment there were significant differences in all parameters analysed except for C3a, and stent score when the group with no AR-C69931MX was compared to all the groups with AR-C69931MX. In the second experiment there were significant differences in platelet count, TAT, FXIa-AT, FXIIa-AT and stent score when unmodified stents were compared to loops with no stents and partly to loops with heparin-coated stents. In the third experiment there was a significant reduction in generation of TAT, stent score and better preservation of platelet number by combining the platelet inhibitor and heparin-coated stents as compared to heparin-coated stents alone. The conclusion is that the direct P2Y12 receptor inhibitor AR-C69931MX reduced the different aspects of activation of blood induced by both unmodified and heparin-coated stents.
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