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- Welin-Berger, K., et al.
(författare)
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In vitro-in vivo correlation in man of a topically applied local anesthetic agent using numerical convolution and deconvolution
- 2003
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Ingår i: International Journal of Pharmaceutics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-5173 .- 1873-3476 .- 0022-3549. ; 92:2, s. 398-406
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to evaluate the relevance of the in vitro permeation method used at our laboratory in predicting in vivo dermal and transdermal absorption. Two different emulsions, a submicron oil-in-water (o/w) emulsion and a semisolid water-in-oil (w/o) emulsion, containing a model compound were investigated. The in vitro permeation rate of the compound from these emulsions was measured using static diffusion cells with human skin as membrane. The emulsions were allowed to remain in contact with the skin in the donor chamber for 15, 60, and 240 min. The study was monitored for 240 min and the steady state flux was calculated. The systemic concentration of the compound was measured in vivo as a function of time after dermal application to healthy volunteers with 15 and 60 min of application. A short-lasting i.v. infusion study in healthy volunteers was used to simulate the i.v. bolus dose. Numerical convolution was used to predict the in vivo plasma concentration of the compound while the in vivo absorption rate of the compound was estimated using numerical deconvolution. To establish correlation, the predicted in vivo flux was compared with the corresponding observed in vitro parameter after adjusting for the lag time. No major differences were seen in the systemic plasma levels between the two emulsions, which is in close agreement with the steady state flux measured in vitro. A linear correlation representing a point-to-point relationship was established for each of the investigated formulations and application times. The longer application time was predicted more accurately for both emulsions.
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- Brinkfeldt, Klas, et al.
(författare)
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Microshutters for MEMS-based time-of-flight measurements in space
- 2011
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS). - 1084-6999. - 9781424496327 ; , s. 597-600
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper reports on the fabrication, integration and first operation of a mechanical microshutter in a time-of-flight (TOF) based ion detector in space. The microshutter is fabricated from a silicon on insulator (SOI) wafer and operated in a resonance mode, 306 kHz. Open time of the shutter is 100 ns. The microshutters are integrated in the PRIMA instrument, which is part of the payload on the Swedish PRISMA mission. PRISMA was successfully launched into low Earth orbit on June 15, 2010.
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| 6. |
- Bratt, O, et al.
(författare)
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Risk perception, screening practice and interest in genetic testing among unaffected men in families with hereditary prostate cancer
- 2000
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Ingår i: European Journal of Cancer. - 0959-8049. ; 36:2, s. 235-241
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Approximately 5-10% of prostate cancer cases are caused by dominantly inherited susceptibility to the disease. Although advances have been made in research concerning the genetic mechanisms of hereditary prostate cancer, little is known about the psychological consequences for men at high risk of developing the disease. The aims of the present study were to examine risk perception, interest in genetic investigations, cancer-specific worry, and screening practice among unaffected men, aged 40-72 years old, with a pedigree consistent with hereditary prostate cancer and an estimated lifetime risk of prostate cancer of 35-45%. A questionnaire was sent by mail to 120 subjects, of whom 110 responded. Most of the men (n = 90, 82%) worried about having an inherited susceptibility to prostate cancer, and 34 (31%) claimed that worry about prostate cancer affected their daily life (3 (3%) fairly much, 31 (28%) slightly). As many as 40% of the study subjects perceived their lifetime risk of prostate cancer as 67% or more. Perceived high risk was associated with symptoms of depression and with cancer worry affecting daily living. Two-thirds of the men aged 50 years old or more were regularly screened for prostate cancer. Subjects with high levels of cancer-specific stress, as measured by the avoidance subscale of the Impact of Event Scale, were less likely to opt for screening. Almost all of the men (94%) were interested in presymptomatic genetic testing (84 (76%) "definitely yes" and 20 (18%) "probably yes"). We conclude that hereditary susceptibility to prostate cancer has significant psychological consequences although it rarely causes psychiatric morbidity. The present study underlines the importance of giving thorough, repeated information to men at high risk of prostate cancer.
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| 7. |
- Brinkfelt, Klas, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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Microshutters for space physics time of flight applications
- 2010
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Ingår i: 21st Micromechanics and Micro systems Europe workshop, 26-29 September 2010, Enschede, The Netherlands. ; , s. 140-143
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In present time-of-flight (TOF) mass and energy spectrometers in experimental space plasmaphysics applications, the resolution is limited by the fact that the particle to be measured loses part of its energyin the generation of the start pulse. To improve the resolution, a fast micromechanical shutter system togenerate the start signal has been developed. The microshutter is included in the PRIMA (PRIsma MassAnalyzer) ion detector on-board the Swedish PRISMA mission, which will be launched into low Earth orbit onJune 15, 2010.
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