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- Björkman-Burtscher, Isabella, et al.
(författare)
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Proton MR spectroscopy and preoperative diagnostic accuracy: an evaluation of intracranial mass lesions characterized by stereotactic biopsy findings
- 2000
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Ingår i: AJNR. - 1936-959X. ; 21:1, s. 84-93
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: MR imaging has made it easier to distinguish among the different types of intracranial mass lesions. Nevertheless, it is sometimes impossible to base a diagnosis solely on clinical and neuroradiologic findings, and, in these cases, biopsy must be performed. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the hypothesis that proton MR spectroscopy is able to improve preoperative diagnostic accuracy in cases of intracranial tumors and may therefore obviate stereotactic biopsy. METHODS: Twenty-six patients with intracranial tumors underwent MR imaging, proton MR spectroscopy, and stereotactic biopsy. MR spectroscopic findings were evaluated for the distribution pattern of pathologic spectra (NAA/Cho ratio < 1) across the lesion and neighboring tissue, for signal ratios in different tumor types, and for their potential to improve preoperative diagnostic accuracy. RESULTS: Gliomas and lymphomas showed pathologic spectra outside the area of contrast enhancement while four nonastrocytic circumscribed tumors (meningioma, pineocytoma, metastasis, and germinoma) showed no pathologic spectra outside the region of enhancement. No significant correlation was found between different tumor types and signal ratios. MR spectroscopy improved diagnostic accuracy by differentiating infiltrative from circumscribed tumors; however, diagnostic accuracy was not improved in terms of differentiating the types of infiltrative or circumscribed lesions. CONCLUSION: MR spectroscopy can improve diagnostic accuracy by differentiating circumscribed brain lesions from histologically infiltrating processes, which may be difficult or impossible solely on the basis of clinical or neuroradiologic findings.
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| 3. |
- Sjöbeck, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Alzheimer's disease and the cerebellum: a morphologic study on neuronal and glial changes
- 2001
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Ingår i: Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders. - : S. Karger AG. - 1420-8008 .- 1421-9824. ; 12:3, s. 211-218
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Structural manifestations of Alzheimer's disease (AD) including neuronal loss were investigated in 12 cases of AD and in 10 healthy age-matched controls, with focus on the cerebellum. Linear Purkinje cell (PC) density was measured in the vermis and cerebellar hemispheres. Neurons were also counted in the inferior olivary nucleus. In vermis of the AD cases, the mean PC number was significantly lower (p = 0.019) than in the controls. The neurons in the inferior olive were similarly fewer, though not significantly (p = 0.13). Molecular layer gliosis and atrophy in the vermis was clearly severer in AD than in the controls. Features typical of cerebral Alzheimer encephalopathy (plaques, tangles and microvacuolization) were inconspicious. The structural cerebellar changes in the AD cases were thus neuronal loss, atrophy and gliosis, judged to represent the disease process, and with a main involvement in the vermis. This may be reflected in some of the symptoms and signs seen in AD, signs that are generally overlooked or judged to be of noncerebellar origin.
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| 6. |
- Risberg, Jarl, et al.
(författare)
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Posterior cingulate cortex in familiar Alzheimer’s disease: A clinicopathological and brain imaging study
- 2003
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Ingår i: Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society. - 1355-6177. ; 9, s. 174-174
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The degenerative process in Alzheimer´s disease (AD) follows a temporal and topographic pattern of early and accentuated involvement of temporal limbic, parietal and posterior cingulate cortices. We have studied a pedigree with four generations suffering from early onset AD linked to a presenilin-1 gene mutation. This family now contains 7 AD cases, neuropathologically confirmed in four cases of three generations. In all four cases the degeneration was most pronounced in the temporoparietal cortex, but also engaged central grey structures such as the claustrum, central thalamic and brain stem nuclei. There was a consistent and severe degeneration in posterior cingulate cortex in contrast to a compara¬tively spared anterior cingulum. Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was studied repeated¬ly with 133-xenon inhalation and SPECT methods. The rCBF measurements showed the typical cortical pathology of AD with bilateral decreases in temporoparietal and posterior cingulate cortices, accentuating over time and spreading anteriorly. There was a very good correspondence between clinical, neuroimaging and neuropathological features. Our findings indicate that posterior cingulum is a major locus for functional and structural vulnerability in both familial and sporadic forms of AD, something that might be used for diagnostic purposes together with possible posterior cingulate symptomatology.
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| 7. |
- Allard, Per, et al.
(författare)
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Caudate nucleus dopamine D-2 receptors in vascular dementia
- 2002
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Ingår i: Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders. - : S. Karger AG. - 1420-8008 .- 1421-9824. ; 14:1, s. 22-25
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Caudate nucleus dopamine (DA) D-2 receptors were studied in patients with vascular dementia (VaD) and in a control group using [H-3]raclopride as a radioligand. There was no significant difference in the number of DA D-2 receptors in the VaD group as compared with controls. The binding affinity was significantly lower in the VaD group. When the VaD group was subdivided into subjects with or without neuroleptic treatment, there were no differences in the numbers of receptors as compared with controls, and the significant differences in binding affinity remained for both VaD subgroups. The present results are. discussed with reference to the previous finding of a reduced density of caudate nucleus DA uptake sites in the same VaD group and to results from studies on DA D-2 receptors in Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Copyright (C) 2002 S. Karger AG, Basel.
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| 9. |
- Carlén, Birgitta, et al.
(författare)
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Diagnostic value of electron microscopy in a case of juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis
- 2001
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Ingår i: Ultrastructural Pathology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1521-0758 .- 0191-3123. ; 25:4, s. 285-288
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCLs) represent a large group of inherited neurodegenerative disorders characterized by an abnormal accumulation of lipopigment in neuronal and extraneuronal cells. The authors present a case of juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis in a 7-year-old boy. Ultrastructural examination of a skin biopsy disclosed deposits of curvilinear profiles and fingerprint-like structures in epithelial cells of sweat glands, endothelial cells, peripheral nerve endings, and fibroblasts, These findings allowed specific confirmation of the assumed diagnosis of juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis. Due to the genotypic and phenotypic variability within the group of NCLs, the clinical investigation may be long and complicated. With the NCL disorders in mind, an accurate diagnosis based on ultrastructural examination of a skin biopsy may shorten this investigation, thus benefitting the patient.
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