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- Arnemo, Jon, et al.
(author)
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Effective thiafentanil immobilization and physiological responses of free-ranging moose (Alces alces) in northern Sweden
- 2018
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In: Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia. - : Elsevier BV. - 1467-2987 .- 1467-2995. ; 45, s. 502-509
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective To evaluate clinical and physiological responses in moose to thiafentanil administration for immobilization.Study design Cross-sectional clinical study.Animals Eleven (six males and five females) free-ranging adult moose (Alces alces).Methods Each moose was darted from a helicopter with 7.5 mg thiafentanil during March 2014 in northern Sweden. Physiological evaluation included vital signs and blood gases. Arterial blood was collected after induction and again after 10 minutes of intranasal oxygen administration and analyzed immediately with an i-STAT analyzer. A total of 10 mg naltrexone per milligram of thiafentanil was administered to all animals for reversal. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics.Results All moose were sufficiently immobilized with a single dart injection. Induction occurred within 3 minutes in 10 of 11 moose. One individual became recumbent while crossing a river and naltrexone was immediately administered. Animals maintained sternal recumbency with their head raised and vital signs were stable. Nine of 10 moose were hypoxemic before oxygen administration, with seven becoming markedly hypoxemic [partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO2) between 40 and 59 mmHg (5.3-7.9 kPa)]. The PaO2 increased significantly between samples, but six moose remained hypoxemic despite therapy. Hypercapnia was seen in all moose, with eight having marked hypercapnia [partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide (PaCO2) > 60 mmHg (> 8.0 kPa)]. All moose were acidemic, with nine showing marked acidemia (pH < 7.20). The pH increased significantly with time and lactate decreased. Recoveries were rapid and uneventful, and all moose were living 6 months after capture.Conclusions Thiafentanil provided rapid and sufficient immobilization of moose and its effects were rapidly reversed with naltrexone. As with other opioids, moose showed hypoxemia and varying degrees of respiratory and metabolic acidosis. Arterial oxygenation of moose improved following intranasal oxygen, but hypoxemia was not fully resolved despite therapy.
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| 2. |
- Dijkgraaf, Lisa, et al.
(author)
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Bear in mind! Bear presence and individual experience with calf survival shape the selection of calving sites in a long-lived solitary ungulate
- 2024
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In: Ecology and Evolution. - 2045-7758. ; 14
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The careful selection of ungulate calving sites to improve offspring survival is vital in the face of predation. In general, there is limited knowledge to which degree predator presence and prey's individual experience shape the selection of calving sites. Predator presence influences the spatiotemporal risk of encountering a predator, while individual experiences with previous predation events shape perceived mortality risks. We used a multi-year movement dataset of a long-lived female ungulate (moose, Alces alces, n = 79) and associated calf survival to test how predator presence (i.e., encounter risk) and females' individual experiences with previous calf mortality events affected their calving site selection and site fidelity. Using data from areas with and without Scandinavian brown bear (Ursus arctos) predation, we compared females' calving site selection using individual-based analyses. Our findings suggest two things. First, bear presence influences calving site selection in this solitary living ungulate. Females in areas with bears were selected for higher shrub and tree cover and showed lower site fidelity than in the bear-free area. Second, the individual experience of calf loss changes females' selection the following year. Females with lost calves had a lower site fidelity compared to females with surviving calves. Our findings suggest that increased vegetation cover may be important for reducing encounter risk in bear areas, possibly by improving calf concealment. Lower site fidelity might represent a strategy to make the placement of calving sites less predictable for predators. We suggest that bear presence shapes both habitat selection and calving site fidelity in a long-lived animal, whereas the effect of individual experience with previous calf loss varies. We encourage further research on the relevance of female experience on the success of expressed anti-predator strategies during calving periods.Bear presence influences the calving site selection in a solitary living ungulate like moose (Alces alces). Females' individual experience of calf loss changes their selection for a calving site the following year. Reduced calving site fidelity in bear areas, relative to the area without bears, might represent a female strategy to make the placement of calving sites less predictable for predators. Increased vegetation cover seems to be an important habitat feature for reducing calf predation risk, possibly by improving calf concealment.image
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